【作者】 王芳； 顾念君； 石金红； 侯海娇； 杨红升；

【Author】 Fang Wang;Nianjun Gu;Jinhong shi;Haijiao Hou;Hongsheng Yang (Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality(SWU),Ministry of Education,Chongqing 400715, China)

【机构】 认知与人格教育部重点实验室(西南大学)； 西南大学心理学部；

【摘要】 由于自我相关的信息对于个人的重要性及强烈的情绪唤醒力,已被众多采用不同材料和实验范式的研究证明其具有相对于他人信息的加工优势。鸡尾酒会效应是这这其中一个为人所熟知的重要发现,它指的是自己的名字即使是在未得到有意注意的条件下也可以很容易地被觉察出来(Moray,1959)。自Moray的这项研究之后,自己名字在听觉与视觉通道上的加工优势都得到了重复证实。研究采用传统经典的点探测范式与眼动追踪技术结合,以被试自己的名字、名人的名字和熟悉的名字为实验材料,探讨被试对自己名字注意偏向的特点及其内在机制。基于前人的工作(Castellanos et al.,2009;Garner,Mogg,& Bradley,2006),研究考察了四个眼动数据:首视点定向偏向分数、首视点潜伏期偏向分数、首视点注视时间偏向以及总注视时间偏向分数,系统探讨了注意定向、探测时间、最初注意维持/回避以及总体注意维持/回避。实验随机抽取了40名在校大学生,采用经典的点探测范式,目标刺激SOA是2000ms,以名人的名字和熟悉的名字作为实验的对照组。眼动数据发现,与以熟悉或名人名字为靶刺激的试次相比,被试对自己名字表现为注意警觉维持模式,具体表现为早期加速探测、注意定向,以及最初的注意维持和总体注意维持;行为数据表明被试对自己名字的注意维持以及注意脱离困难。更多还原

【Abstract】 Due to self-related information for personal salience and strong emotional arousal,it has demonstrated a consistent cognitive advantage in a large number of studies using various approaches."Cocktail party effect" is one of well-known findings,which shows that one’s own name can be detected easily,even under unattended conditions.Since Moray’s famous study,the cognitive advantage for perceiving one’s own name has been established in both auditory and visual modalities.Eye-tracking technique and dot-probe task were employed to examine the exact nature of attentional biases toward one’s own name.In this research,eye movement(EM) tracking assessed biases in specific component processes of visual attention,such as initial orienting speeded detection and initial and total maintenance biases(Castellanos et al.,2009;Garner,Mogg, & Bradley,2006).Eye movements were recorded while participants completed a dot-probe task that their own name,as compared to response for personally familiar or famous names pairs with the stimuli being presented for 2000 ms.Specifically,compared to personally familiar and famous names,participates were more likely to direct their initial gaze toward their own names,had a shorter mean latency of first fixation on their own names,had longer first fixation and total gaze duration on their own names.Reaction time data showed a maintenance bias towards and difficulty in disengagement from one ’own names.更多还原