【作者】 刘志斌； 高申春；

【Author】 Liu zhi-bin~1 Gao shen-chun~2 (Department of Social Philosophy,Jilin University,Changchun,130012)

【机构】 吉林大学心理学系；

【摘要】 瓦雷拉的具身心智思想早在上世纪70年代就已经在他与恩师马图拉纳一起提出的自创生理论中有所体现,并在1991发表的《具身心智:认知科学和人类经验》一书中进行了系统的论述。这一理论为心理学中的诸多问题提供了一种有益的视角:第一,在身心问题上,具身心智试图超越科学心理学中传统的笛卡尔式身心分离的二元论逻辑困境,提出了一种"介于二元论和一元论的中间道路";第二,在心智的本质问题上,具身心智认为心智既不是客观物质的属性的涌现也不是主观精神的先在预设或者表征,在书中瓦雷拉以颜色视觉为例驳斥了上述两种观点并提出了心智的具身生成理论;第三,在研究方法上瓦雷拉倡导的神经现象学认为传统的实验心理学只重视第三人称资料的收集,而忽视了活生生的人的第一人称资料,他认为事实上第一人称数据和第三人称数据是互惠约束的,只有将两者相互印证才能对心智作出诠释。通过对瓦雷拉具身心智的考察,文章最后指出具身心智作为应对当前认知科学离身困境的一种尝试是极具启发性的,但是具身心智并没有彻底贯彻身心一体的逻辑,反而在应用到心理学中时有陷入到同时强调身与心的二元交互层面的危险;另外,作为具身心智理论实践的神经现象学目前在解决意识的"困难问题"上的效果也是有限的。更多还原

【Abstract】 The thought of Varela’s embodied mind had been reflected in the autopoiesis which he proposed with his mentor Maturana in the early 1970s,and gave a systematic discussion in the book named "The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience",which was published in 1991.The theory provides a useful perspective for many problems in psychology:firstly,in the body-mind problem,the theory of embodied mind was trying to transcend the dualistic logic dilemma of the traditional Cartesian separation of mind and body in scientific psychology,and then raised a middle way between dualism and monism,secondly,in the problem of the nature of mind,the theory holds that mind is neither the emergence of objective material properties,or the given presupposition or representation of subjective spirit;in the book,Varela took color vision for example to reject the above two views,and put forwad the ideas of enactive mind via embody.Thirdly,on the research methods,the neurophenomenology that advocated by Varela holds that traditional experimental psychology only focusing on the collection of Third Person Data,while ignoring the animated First Person Data.He considered that,in fact,First Person Data and Third Person Data are reciprocal constrained,thus only through the mutual corroboration of the two can we have a better understanding of mind.Based on the investigation of Varela’s embodied mind,the paper points out that the attempts to take embodied mind as a way to tackle disembodied plight of current cognitive science is quite inspring,but it didn’t completely implement the logic of the integration of mind and body.Instead, when applied in psychology,it has a risk for sinking into the interactive dualism which emphasizes the body and mind simultaneously.Furthermore,the neurophenomenology,which was regarded as a practice to the embodied mind theory,still has a limited effect on dealing with the "hard problem"of consciousness.更多还原