【作者】 姜淞秀； 李杰； 侯友； 刘兴宇；

【Author】 Jiang Songxiu Li Jie Hou You Liu Xingyu Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Psychology,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot,010020

【机构】 内蒙古师范大学教育科学学院心理学重点实验室；

【摘要】 使用双线索任务转换范式,从行为学和脑电生理的水平对平衡蒙汉双语者和非平衡汉英双语者在任务切换过程中优势效应进行了考察。实验一考察平衡双语者和非平衡双语者的语言转换任务和非语言转换任务中是否存在差异。结果显示:平衡双语者在语言转换任务和非语言转换任务中都优于非平衡双语者,表现出优势效应。说明语言转换和任务转换存在密切联系,两者都需要执行系统的参与。实验二通过操纵线索到刺激问的时间间隔(CSI),考察平衡双语者任务转换优势效应的来源,是否与内源性准备和外源性控制有关。结果显示:当CSI为0ms时,无法进行内源性准备,平衡双语者反应时快于非平衡双语者,但未达到显著性差异;当CSI为250ms时,可以进行内源性准备但无法完成,平衡双语者反应时明显快于非平衡双语者;当CSI为600ms时,内源性准备基本完成,平衡双语者反应时与非平衡双语者比较无显著性差异。实验三采用ERP技术,以D-Pos、N2和LPC为指标考察内源性准备和外源性调节的时间进程特点。结果显示:非平衡双语者线索锁时相关的正波D Pos无论转换序列或重复序列,其平均波幅均比平衡双语者更正,说明非平衡双语者需要更多的心理资源进行准备;刺激出现后诱发的N2成分,无论转换序列或重复序列,非平衡双语者的平均波幅比平衡双语者更负,说明平衡双语者能够更好的监控冲突以便更好地进行下一步的认知加工;而对于LPC,无论转换序列或重复序列,非平衡双语者的平均波幅比平衡双语者更正,说明平衡双语者能更好的提取或更新反应规则,以便进行反应选择和执行。总体而言,本研究结果说明平衡双语者由于日常生活中不断地转换语言,使得负责语言转换的机制或脑神经网络得到加强,促进平衡双语者在同样需要这一机制或神经网络的任务转换中表现出优势效应。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the first experiment of this research,using a task-switching paradigm with a 2:1 mapping between cues and tasks,we compared the performance of balanced and unbalanced bilinguals and explore whether balanced bilinguals who reported switching between languages frequently in daily life have advantage on task switching.The result shows that balanced bilinguals perform better on language switching and task switching than unbalanced bilinguals.In the second experiment,we investigate the source of advantage effect by manipulating different cue-stimulus intervals.The result shows that in the cue-stimulus interval of 0 ms,the RT of balanced bilinguals is faster than that of unbalanced bilinguals,but not yet significant.In the cue-stimulus interval of 250 ms, the difference of two group bilinguals is significant.In the cue-stimulus interval of 600 ms,two group bilinguals perform similarly.Combining with event-related potential technology in the third experiment,we make a research on time-course characteristics of endogenous preparation and exogenous adjustment with D-Pos,N2 and LPC as the index.According to the analysis of cue-locked D-Pos component,the component of unbalanced bilinguals is more positive than balanced bilinguals.The analysis of the average amplitude of stimulus-locked N2 appears that the average amplitude of unbalanced bilinguals is greater than balanced bilinguals.The analysis of the average amplitude of stimulus-locked LPC appears that the average amplitude of unbalanced bilinguals is greater than balanced bilinguals.Results suggest that the regular use of two languages by balanced bilingual individuals requires the constant involvement of the general cognition processing,particularly,the executive system.And the bilingual experience can enhance executive function or networks.更多还原