【作者】 张向丽； 孙宇浩； 王哲；

【Author】 Xiangli Zhang Department of psychology,Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310018,China Yuhao Sun Department of psychology,Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310018,China Zhe Wang Department of psychology,Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310018,China

【机构】 浙江理工大学心理学系； 浙江理工大学心理系；

【摘要】 他族效应指的是人们识别与再认本族人面孔的成绩显著好于识别其他不熟悉的他族面孔。对于他族效应,研究者一般认为是对本族和他族的不同经验导致的。人们对本族面孔有大量的经验,因此对本族面孔有较好的识别。那么什么样的经验是有效的呢?近年来短期训练的研究表明实验室的短期(3 5天)的身份识别训练就足以提高对他族面孔的识别能力。然而,短期的实验室经验和长期生活中的经验是有区别的,一是时间长短不同,二是接触方式不同,实验室的训练是通过媒介间接的接触一定数量,表情,角度的面孔,而日常生活中,我们是直接接触到大量不同表情,不同角度的面孔。本研究探讨一种新的经验,即媒体接触经验,是否影响他族效应的大小。媒体经验在时间上与长期经验是一致的,而在接触方式上与短期实验室训练是一致的。本研究有46名浙江理工大学大学生参加,其中男生17名,女生29名。被试先完成白编问卷《通过媒体接触他族面孔经验调查问卷》,问卷共7个题目,以被试最近半年观看欧美白人电视剧和电影的时间作为接触外国面孔经验的指标。根据被试的得分将被试分为无经验组和有经验组,其中无经验组有22人,有经验组有24人。然后被试完成新旧任务。配对样本t检验的结果表明,无经验组被试对本族面孔的辨别力(d’)显著大于对他族面孔的辨别力(d’),t=2.63,p<.05;而有经验组对两种面孔的辨别力差异不显著,t=1.33,p>.05。以上结果表明中国被试通过媒体接触他族面孔的经验确实改变了他族效应的大小。更多还原

【Abstract】 Other-race effect refers to a phenomenon that people recognize faces from own races better than those from other races.A lot of studies have owed the reason of this effect to the different experiences people have for the faces.People often have more experience for faces from own races than for those from other races,so they can recognize faces from own races better.Then which kind of experience is effective for the effect? Recently,a lot of studies have shown that a short time recognizing training of 3 to 5 days is enough to improve face recognizing of other races. However,there are some differences between daily life contact and that in lab,one is that the last of the time is different,the other is the way people contact faces.In training in the lab,people only can contact a limited amount of faces of some angle,with neutral expression,indirectly.However, people see quite a lot of faces of different angles,wearing different expressions,directly.In this study,we will discuss whether a new kind of experience,that is the contact through media,affects the other- race effect.People contact a lot of other race faces though media,just like the daily life of contact,but indirectly,like the training in lab.We recruited 46 students from the Zhejiang Sci -Tech University,which consists of 17 males and 29 females.At the beginning of the experiment, participants filled out a questionnaire named The Questionnaire of Experience of Contact Other Race Faces through Media.,which involves 7 items,and the index of the amount of contact experience is the time people spent on watching TVs and movies from Europe or America in which there are many Caucasian people.According to their scores,participants were divided into two groups,one group had little experience while the other had quite a lot of experience,and they involved 22 and 24 students respectively.After this,the participants finished an old -new task. Pared-samples T test showed that in the group of little experience,the performance difference between own race faces and other race faces was significant,t=-2.63,p<.05,while for the other group,there was no significant difference,t=-1.33,p>.05.In a word,the contact experience people have though media really changes the other -race effect.更多还原