【作者】 林国耀； 莫雷； 王穗苹；

【Author】 Lin Guoyao~(1,2) Mo Lei~2 Wang Suiping~2 (1.Department of Educational Science and Technology,Minnan Normal University,Zhangzhou 363000;2.School of Psychology,Huanan Normal University,Guangzhou 510631)

【机构】 闽南师范大学教育科学与技术系； 华南师范大学心理学院；

【摘要】 双系统理论认为人们的推理过程同时包含着来自系统1的快速、平行、自动化的加工与来自系统2的缓慢、序列、意识控制的加工(Evans,2003;Stanovich & West,2000),前者是导致信念偏向等推理错误的原因,后者才是逻辑性获得的唯一渠道。但是Morsanyi和Handley采用喜欢度评定范式对三段式推理过程的系列实验研究发现,逻辑性也可以通过系统1的直觉性加工获得,且相对于来自系统2控制性逻辑来说,这种来自系统1的直觉性逻辑更不易受时间压力、问题难度、工作记忆容量的影响(Morsanyi & Handley,2011)。本研究使用Morsanyi和Handley的研究中所用的48例三段论推理题目,采用更直接的因变量指标来检验直觉性逻辑的可行性和稳定性,并在同一个实验设计中直接比较时间压力、任务难度以及常识干扰对直觉性逻辑和控制性逻辑的不同影响。研究结果表明:(1)直觉性逻辑确实存在,虽然其强度低于控制性逻辑;(2)任务难度、时间压力、常识干扰对控制性逻辑的影响大于对直觉性逻辑的影响。本研究的结果为直觉性逻辑的存在提供了更直接的实验证据,对社会实践中人们在不同问题情境下如何进行决策判断也有重要的启发意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 According to dual-process theories,the process of human reasoning involves both System 1 processing and System 2 processing(Evans,2003;Stanovich & West,2000).System 1 processing is quick,parallel and automatic,but is the cause of various reasoning error like believe bias.System 2 processing is slow,serial and conscious controlled,but is the only way to acquire logic.But according to Morsanyi & Handley’s research,in which syllogistic reasoning is examined by liking rating,logic is also can be acquired by System 1 processing(Morsanyi & Handley,2011).This kind of intuitive logic from System 1 processing is relatively insensitive to time pressure,task difficulty and working memory capacity,compared to controlled logic from System 2 processing.Using the 48 syllogistic reasoning items from Morsanyi & Handley’s research and a more direct logic index,this paper examined the feasibility and reliability of intuitive logic,and compared its responses to time pressure,task difficulty and common sense interference with controlled logic.The results show that intuitive logic is indeed taking place in the experiment,though its effect is smaller than controlled logic,and that task difficulty,time pressure and common sense interference have a stronger influence on controlled logic than on intuitive logic.These results provide a direct experimental evidence of intuitive logic,and have important inspirations for people to make decisions under various circumstances in their social lives.更多还原