【作者】 李晓庆；

【Author】 Xiaoqing Li Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100101

【机构】 中国科学院心理研究所行为科学重点实验室；

【摘要】 口语理解需要快速地整合不同层面的言语信息:句法、语义以及韵律信息。口语信号所传递的言语信息和存储于长时记忆中的信息都会影响到口语理解。本研究采用脑电技术考察了长时记忆信息和重读(即,重音)在口语理解过程中的相互作用。实验材料是听觉呈现的两句话组成的小语篇。第二句话中的关键词是新信息。本研究一方面操纵了长时记忆表征,即,基于长时记忆表征,关键词是高预期还是低预期的信息;另一方面,关键词被重读(一致性重读)还是不被重读(不一致性重读),即,重读标记的信息状态与语境标记的信息状态是否一致。结果他们发现,当新信息是低预期时,"不重读"(不一致性重读)比"重读"(一致性重读)诱发了更大的N400,表现为大脑节律振荡的theta频段的活动能量增加;这是因为在不一致性重读条件下,重读变化传达的语义信息(即,"不重读"标示当前词汇是旧信息)与语境决定的语义信息(新信息)相冲突,从而此条件下的N400波幅增大、theta频段的能量增加。当新信息是高预期时,"重读"(一致性重读)反而比"不重读"(不一致性重读)诱发了更大的N400,表现为alpha频段的活动能量的降低;这是因为在一致性重读条件下,"重读"会引导听者把更多的注意资源分配到被重读的词汇,进行更深入的语义加工,从而表现为"重读"条件下N400的波幅增大、alpha频段的活动能量降低。以上结果说明,重读既可以传达语义信息又可以调控注意分配,重读的作用随着长时记忆中的信息的变化而变化。同时,此结果还有助于我们进一步理解N400的意义,即,N400的波幅不仅会在语义冲突条件下增大,而且会在语义正确条件下增大。更多还原

【Abstract】 Spoken language comprehension requires immediate integration of different information types,such as semantics,syntax,and prosody.Meanwhile,both the information derived from speech signals and the information retrieved from long-term memory exert their influence on language comprehension immediately.Using EEG(electroencephalogram),the present study investigated how the information retrieved from long-term memory interacts with accentuation during spoken language comprehension.Mini Chinese discourses were used as stimuli,with an interrogative or assertive context sentence preceding the target sentence.The target sentence included one critical word conveying new information.The critical word was either highly expected or lowly expected given the information retrieved from long-term memory.Moreover, the critical word was either consistently accented or inconsistently de-accented.The results revealed that for lowly expected new information,inconsistently de-accented words elicited a larger N400 and larger theta power increases(4-6 Hz) than consistently accented words.In contrast,for the highly expected new information,consistently accented words elicited a larger N400 and larger alpha power decreases(8-14 Hz) than inconsistently de-accented words.The results suggest that,during spoken language comprehension,the effect of accentuation interacted with the information retrieved from long-term memory immediately.Moreover,our results also have important consequences for our understanding of the processing nature of the N400.The N400 amplitude can not only be enhanced for incorrect information(new and de-accented word) but also be enhanced for correct information(new and accented words).更多还原