【作者】 侯友； 白学军； 七十三；

【Author】 Hou You~1 Bai Xuejun~2 Qi Shisan~1 1.Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Psychology,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Huhehot, 010022 2.Academy of Psychology and Behavior,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin,300074

【机构】 内蒙古师范大学内蒙古自治区心理学重点实验室； 天津师范大学心理与行为研究院；

【摘要】 阅读过程中单词如何能有效、快速的识别,其具体的内在信息加工过程是什么。特别是词汇在识别过程中如何受到其正字法邻居的影响及其内在的加工机制成为近年来研究者关注的兴趣点。在拼音文字中,正字法邻居(Orthographic Neighbors)定义为通过改变词中的任何一个字母且保持字母位置固定得到的词,如base,case,east,easy,else和vase均是ease的正字法邻居词汇。当一个单词以视觉形式呈现时,该单词的词汇表征以及其正字法邻居的词汇表征均被激活。不仅激活的词汇单元之间竞争,而且词汇与其正字法邻居之间激活的竞争本质在词汇识别的过程中均发挥重要作用。蒙语属于阿尔泰语系蒙古语族,是由31蒙古文字母(7个元音、24个辅音)构成的音素文字。采用从左到右、从上到下的书写形式。蒙语词汇采用连体书写格式,字母之间没有间距,必须从上至下连写。蒙文字母在书写过程中会发生变体,即字母在词汇中的位置不同,其书写形式也不同。不同文字系统的正字法具有不同的规则性,英语形音之间不具有一一对应关系。与英语相比,蒙语形素和音素存在着更为明确的对应关系(GPC规则),属于更浅层正字法语言,其词汇加工是否受正字法邻居的影响及其机制是什么,目前研究较少涉及。本研究采用快速掩蔽启动范式、Go/No go范式和事件相关电位(ERP)技术,探讨蒙语正字法邻居对目标词汇识别的影响及作用。实验中要求被试执行一个额外的语义分类任务,对关键刺激不做明显的行为反应。结果发现,SOA为67ms时,与无关启动相比,正字法邻居启动在头皮的额区和中央区诱发了更正的P150和N400成分;SOA为167ms时,正字法邻居启动在整个大脑皮层诱发了更正的N400成分。结果表明,在蒙语词汇识别中,正字法信息早于语义信息激活,正字法邻居促进了目标词汇的加工。最后从词汇激活的竞争机制角度对实验结果进行了讨论。更多还原

【Abstract】 Word identification is the culmination of a sequence of sophisticated information-processing operations,the details of which have been the focus of much empirical attention.An issue of particular interest in recent years has been how the identification of a word is affected by its orthographic neighbors and the implications for our understanding of the word identification process.The orthographic neighbors of a word are typically defined as the set of different words that can be created by changing one letter of a word while maintaining letter positions.For example,base,case,east,easy,else,and vase are all orthographic neighbors of ease. When a word is presented,the lexical representation of the word and the lexical representations of its orthographic neighbors are activated.The existence of orthographic neighborhood effects in word identification tasks is taken as evidence for the lexical competition mechanism. Mongolian belongs to the Altai language family groups,which is a shallow orthographic alphabet writing consisting of thirty-one characters.The features of Mongolian writing form are the direction from left to right,the characters from top to down and no spacing between letters. Mongolian vocabulary adopt the conjoined writing form,In the writing process,Mongolian characters will occur variants,that is to say,the changeable place of characters in a word result in the different writing forms.Different script has different rules in different writing system,there has not one to one in English words.Compared with English,Mongolian has definite grapheme-phoneme correspondence,belongs to a more shallow orthography language,its vocabulary processing which affectes by orthographic neighborhood and its mechanism are less involved in the present. In the current study,we investigated to examine effects of prime that are orthographic neighbors of target word in Mongolian words recognition combining the rapidly masked priming paradigm and Go/No go paradigm with the event related potential(ERP) technology.Participants were introduced to perform a semantic categorization task but no response to the critical prime or target stimuli.The results showed that,Compared with the irrelevant priming,the P150 and N400 components amplitude were more positive under the orthographic neighbors priming in frontal area and central area of brain cortex in the short SOA.There were a significant N400 component in whole of the brain cortex areas in the long SOA.These finding suggest that orthographic information codes is earlier than semantic activation and facilitates the later semantic activation. The results are discussed with respect to possible mechanisms of lexical competition during visual word recognition.更多还原