【作者】 李宏翰；

【Author】 Li Honghan School of Educational Science,Guangxi Normal University,Guilin,541004,

【机构】 广西师范大学教育科学学院；

【摘要】 当前道德判断的心理学研究突破了传统的认知理论,特别强调情绪与直觉的作用,从而这一领域的研究异常活跃,不断有新的研究发现。然而,这些研究在诸多方面往往存在差异,有关结果难以比较与统合。因此,在开展道德判断研究时需要注意一些基本问题。其一,研究材料的类型,涉及道德特质词语、一般道德情境、道德两难情境、道德图片刺激等。其二,研究材料的性质,可从个体一集体、伤及生命一无伤生命、人类一非人类、故意一过失、惯常情况一异常情况、法律禁止一无关法律、影响大一影响小等维度区分。其三,研究方法,分为实验室实验、现场实验、网络实验、问卷调查等。其四,被试身份,即被试在面对的研究材料中是当事人还是局外人,若是当事人,还应区分责任人与受害人两种情况。其五,考查指标,涉及反应类型、反应时、等级评定、情绪反应(又分为自我评定与生理指标)等。其六,评定性质,即进行的是纯道德评定、纯不道德评定还是道德一不道德评定。更多还原

【Abstract】 The investigation of moral judgment is not focused on the traditional cognitive framework nowadays,instead,the emotion or intuition is especially emphasized.As a result,this area is particularly active,and remarkable findings flourish constantly. However,there are so many differences among the researches that these fingdings are not readily compared and integrated.Therefore, certain elementary issues should be considered when examining the moral judgment.First,the type of research material deserves attention,which may include(im)moral traits,common moral situations,moral dilemmas,and pictures depicting moral events. Second,researchers should care for the nature of materials,which varies along personal-collective,harm life-no harm life, human-nonhuman,intentional-unintended,usual situation-unusual situation,legal forbidden-unrelated with law,and impact profound-insignificant.Third,the research method is worthy of thinking about,which devides laboratory experiment,field experiment,internet experiment,and questionnaire survey.Fourth,the participant identity may be the party or the outsider of the vignettes in the study,and if the participant is the party,responsible person or victim role should be separateed.Fifth,what measure is observed? It may be the type of response,the response time,the rating of moral,or the emotional response which includs self-report score and physiological index.Last,the evaluating scale should be regarded,which include moral scale,immoral scale,or moral-immoral scale.更多还原