【作者】 李晓庆；

【Author】 Li Xiaoqing The Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences

【机构】 中国科学院心理研究所；

【摘要】 对于重读影响口语理解的内部机制存在两种解释:重读传达语义信息、有利于语篇实体的信息状态的识别;重读会影响记忆表征。本研究ERP技术利用考察,在口语自然的临场加工过程中,重读如何影响工作记忆中的语义表征:重读的这一作用如何受言语信号的工作记忆负担的影响。本研究以口语句子(汉语)为材料。句子中包含两个关键词:名词1和名词2。在句子理解过程中,当听者听到名词2时,需要从句子语境中提取名词1来进行整合;ERP锁时在名词2上。在变化句中的名词1、而使句子的其他内容保持不变的条件下,使名词1与名词2存在高语义相关或低语义相关;名词1被重读或不被重读。同时,通过变化句子的句法结构复杂性来操纵句子的工作记忆负担:"把"字句(低工作记忆负担)或"被"字句(高工作记忆负担)。实验结果显示:"语义相关"的主效应显著;与高语义相关比,低语义相关诱发了更到的N400。"重读"与"语义相关"的相互作用显著;只有在重读条件下,才存在"语义相关"效应。"重读"、"语义相关"和"工作记忆负担"三因素之间的相互作用显著;只有在高工作记忆负担条件下,重读才会影响语义相关性;而在低工作记忆负担条件下,语义相关性不受重读的影响。从而表明,口语的临场加工中,重读确实会调控工作记忆中的语义表征,重读会促进相应语义表征在工作记忆中的保持;重读对工作记忆中的语义表征的调控作用只有在高工作记忆负担下才表现出来。此结果说明,重读影响口语理解不仅仅是因为重读传达语义信息,重读还会以某种方式调控听者的记忆表征。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the present study,the ERP(event-related brain potentials) technique was used to investigate how accentuation influences the semantic representations in working memory during the natural process of on-line speech processing,and how this accentuation effect interacts with the working memory load of the speech signal.Chinese spoken sentences were used as stimuli.The sentences included two critical words:Nounl and Noun2,with the ERP time-locked to Noun2.During sentence comprehension, when the listener hears Noun2,he needs to retrieve Nounl from the working memory and integrates it with Noun2.We manipulated the accentuation of Nounl and the semantic relationship between Nounl and Noun2 by changing Nounl in the sentence and keeping the other parts of the sentence constant.Moreover,we manipulated the working memory load of the speech signal by changing the syntactic complexity of the sentences.The results revealed a significant main effect of semantic relatedness,indicating that the low semantic relatedness condition elicited a larger N400 than the high semantic relatedness condition.Importantly,me semantic relatedness effect was modulated by accentuation,suggesting that the effect of semantic relatedness reached significance only when the to-be-integrated word in the sentence context was accented.There was also a significant three-way interaction between semantic relatedness,accentuation,and working memory load,due to the fact that the semantic relatedness effect was modulated by accentuation only when the speech signal involved relatively high memory load.The results indicated that,during on-line speech processing,accentuation can enhance the corresponding information’s semantic representation in working memory,and that the effect of accentuation on semantic working memory is somewhat flexible and shows up only when the speech signal involves relatively high working memory load.更多还原