【作者】 王海旭； 吴丽姣； 孙洋； 刘明慧； 马俊巍； 迟莹莹； 隋洁；

【Author】 Wang Haixu Wu Lijiao Sun Yang Liu Minghui Ma Junwei Chi Yingying Sui Jie Department of Psychology,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,

【机构】 东北师范大学心理学系；

【摘要】 本研究分别使用自我面孔参照范式(实验1)和自我所有权范式(实验2)探讨4岁、5岁儿童的自我参照记忆。实验1采用2(年龄:4岁、5岁)×2(编码条件:自我面孔参照、朋友面孔参照)的混合设计。学习阶段,儿童自我或朋友面孔与彩色客体图片同时呈现,儿童的任务是大声报告"谁指着什么";测验阶段,儿童自由回忆看过的图片并对"图片是自己还是朋友指着的"进行来源判断。实验2采用2(年龄:4岁、5岁)×2(编码条件:自我所有权、他人所有权)的混合设计。学习阶段,儿童以一边操作一边报告"这张卡片是谁的什么"这种方式完成记忆自我和他人卡片上物体的任务;测验阶段,儿童对卡片进行再认和"卡片是谁的"的来源判断。结果显示:只发现5岁儿童在自由回忆和再认任务中的自我参照优势,这可能表明5岁是儿童记忆出现自我参照优势的关键期;而实验2的来源判断任务中,4岁而非5岁儿童表现出了自我参照优势,这一现象值得进一步探讨。更多还原

【Abstract】 The current study used the paradigms of self-face-reference(Experiment 1) and self-ownership(Experiment 2) to explore the self-reference advantage of 4- and 5-year-olds.Experiment 1 was a 2(age:4 and 5 years old)x2(encoding:self-face-reference and friend-face-reference) mixed design.In the learning phase,lists of colourful object pictures were presented together with self or friend face image,and children were asked to report aloud "who is pointing at the(object)".In the test phase,incidental free recall was carriend out,followed by source judgments based on the earlier test where participants had to distinguish who pointed to the object.Experience 2 was a 2(age:4 and 5 years old)x2(encoding:self-ownership and friend-ownership) mixed design.In the learning stage,children needed to report "what is this and who own it?" when they allotted the cards to himself and the other,and then the recognition and source judgments of cards were carried out in the test phase.These results indicated that only 5-year-olds showed the self-reference advantage in both the recall of Experiment 1 and the recognition of Experiment 2,but never 4-year-olds.It meanst that 5-year-olds may be a key period of self-reference advantage.In addition,4-year-old children showed the self-reference advantage of source judgments in the Experiment 2,but not 5-year-olds.This phenomenon is worth further exploration.更多还原