【作者】 刘爱梅； 李景宇； 苗志成； 曹振宇； 赵斌； 刘学峰； 姚太强； 杨斌； 孙跃飞； 尹晓华；

【Author】 Liu aimei 1 Li jingyu 1 Miao zhicheng 1 Cao zhenyu 2 Zhaobin 3 Liu xuefeng 4 Yao taiqiang 5 Yangbin 1 Sun yuefei 1 Yin xiaohua 6(1.The Meteological Bureau of Zhangjiakou City,Zhangjiakou 075000,2.The Meteological Bureau of Kangbao County,3.The Meteological Bureau of Yu County,4.The River Course Department of Qingshui River in Zhangjiakou City,5.The Meteological Bureau of Huailai County,6.The Middle School of Xinbu Town in Yangyuan County)

【机构】 张家口市气象局； 康保县气象局； 蔚县气象局； 张家口清水河河务管理处； 怀来县气象局； 阳原辛堡中学；

【摘要】 立足气象与水资源现状,开展蔬菜作物需水与节水灌溉研究,引入气象服务手段进行节水灌溉模式探索性研究,对解决蔬菜产业不断扩大与地下水资源短缺的矛盾有着重要的现实意义。应用联合国粮农组织计算作物蒸散量的公式,计算了张家口坝上地区蔬菜作物的需水量;通过田间示范得出,膜下滴灌节水效果最好,其次是喷灌、再就是管灌。给出了蔬菜作物的平均需水灌溉量和不同节水模式下的灌溉量,并进行了节水灌溉调控气象服务。结果表明:按照作物需水和气象服务调控灌溉,不用资金投入节水40%左右;工程节水+作物需水气象服务调控灌溉节水40-70%。工程节水+作物需水调控灌溉为最有效最经济的节水灌溉途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 On the basis of the current situation of the meteology and the water resource,it is important to make a research for the water-needing and water-saving irrigation of the vegetable crops.And it is also important to do a exploring study for the pattern of the water-saving irrigation by introducing the meteological way.Both of them are used to solve the vegetable industry and the shortage of the water resource under the earth.According to the formula of the Grain and Agricultural Organization of UN for calculating the quantity of heat radiation of crops,We get the quantity of water needed by the vegetable crops in the flatland area of Zhangjiakou.The demonstration in the field shows that the dripping irrigation under the covering is the best way for saving water.The next is the spraying irrigation and then the piping irrigation.The meteological service for mediating and controlling the water-saving irrigation is controlled under the condition that the quantity of the average water-needing irrigation and the quantity of irrigation in different water-saving pattern are given.The result shows that the irrigation,according to the water needing of crops and mediated by the meteological service,can save water by forty percent without the investment of fund,while the water saving in the construction,combined with the irrigation mediated by the meteological service can save water by forty percent to seventy percent.So the latter is the most economical way for saving water with the best effect.更多还原