【作者】 罗海峰； 汤楚宙； 官春云； 吴明亮； 谢方平；

【Author】 Luo Haifeng1,Tang Chuzhou1,Guan Chunyun2,Wu Mingliang1,Xie Fangping1(1.College of Engineering,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;2.Oilseeds Crops Institute,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China)

【机构】 湖南农业大学工学院； 湖南农业大学油料所；

【摘要】 由于油菜茎秆分枝多且相互交叉,导致油菜在机械化收获时割台损失增加,为减少收获过程掉粒损失,该文设计四种割台分禾装置:撮箕形分禾装置、侧置籽粒收集装置、栅格式分禾装置、拨杆主动型分禾装置,田间试验结果表明:侧置籽粒收集装置工作时阻力较大,还伴有侧压挂枝现象发生,因此难以实现分禾效果;撮箕形分禾装置能够实现分禾,但是入禾处过宽导致入禾效果不理想,茎秆有回弹现象,同时掉粒损失大;栅格式分禾装置分禾时相对掉粒损失小;拨杆主动型分禾装置分禾时相对掉粒损失最小,且有利于入禾,同时无反弹现象,相对效果较理想。割台田间掉粒损失分别为:撮箕形分禾装置7.5%、侧置籽粒收集装置8.1%、栅格式分禾装置7.2%、拨杆主动型分禾装置6.5%。整体掉粒损失偏高,有待于进一步改进分禾装置结构。更多还原

【Abstract】 Due to the multi-branched stem and across each other of rape,which leading to harvest losses increased in the mechanized harvest process,the four kinds divider devices of cutter have been designed in the paper to reduce rape seed losses:Dustpan dividing device,side seed collection device,grid rape dividing device,driving arm active devices.The results of field test show that:side seed collection device has large resistance of the work process,with the phenomenon of lateral pressure hanging branches,so it is difficult to achieve the effect of dividing rape stem;Dustpan dividing device can achieve dividing rape stem,however,the dividing result is not satisfactory lead by too wide size of dividing position,furthermore the stem has rebound phenomenon and the rape seed losses has large particles;grid rape dividing device has relatively small loss;driving arm active devices has the least loss of rape seed in dividing process,in addition it has beneficial for enter rape stem while no rebound phenomenon,the relative effect is ideal.The rape losses of header from field were that:the rate of rape seed loss of dustpan dividing device and side seed collection device and grid rape dividing device and driving arm active devices are 7.5%,8.1%,7.2%,6.5% in turn.The dividing device need to be further improved as the overall loss of rape seed is higher.更多还原