【作者】 徐俊增； 彭世彰； 李程碑； 叶澜涛；

【Author】 Xu Junzeng~(1,2),Peng Shizhang~2,Li Chengbei~2,Ye Lantao~3 (1.Key Laboratory of Efficient Irrigation-Drainage and Agricultural Soil-Water Environment in Southern China(Hohai University),Ministry of Education,Nanjing 210098,China;2.State Key aboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;3.Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300384,China)

【机构】 河海大学南方地区高效灌排与农业水土环境教育部重点实验室； 河海大学水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室； 天津农学院；

【摘要】 生菜的生长期因移栽时间和种植条件而变化,冬季生长期较长,但相同栽培条件下的生菜生长所需积温比较接近。大棚种植能够降低生菜需水量,提高生菜产量25%～31%,提高蒸发蒸腾耗水的利用效率。1月和5月移栽的大棚生菜需水量分别为121.4mm和95.2mm,而4月和6月移栽的露天生菜需水量分别为113.5mm和105.9mm。冬季大棚增温促进了作物生长和蒸腾作用,生菜需水量高于同期棚内蒸发皿蒸发,夏季湿度的增加降低了增温的影响,生菜需水量与棚内蒸发皿蒸发之间比较接近。不同播期与种植条件下生菜需水规律的影响因素有所变化,但生菜累积需水量与累积蒸发皿蒸发、积温之间呈现明显的分段式线性关系,其中大棚生菜为冬季移栽生育前期累积需水与积温或蒸发皿蒸发之间的比值更低,前后对比后期的增加更加明显。更多还原

【Abstract】 Growing period of lettuce varied with different transplanting dates and cultivation conditions.Lettuce growing period was long when it was transplanting in winter.Total cumulative temperatures for whole growing period have the same magnitude for lettuce with same cultivation condition and different transplanting dates.Protective cultivation results in reduced evapotranspiration and high water use efficiency,with fresh yield increased about 25%～31%. Seasonal evapotranspirations are 121.4mm and 95.2mm for protective cultivated lettuce transplanted in January and May,and 113.5mm and 105.9mm for open cultivated lettuce transplanted in April and June.In winter,high temperature within greenhouse promotes crop growth and crop transpiration,lettuce evapotranspiration higher than pan evaporation within greenhouse.In summer,high humidity contracted with high temperature within greenhouse, lettuce evapotranspiration have the same magnitude to pan evaporation.Influence factors on evapotranspiration are tested changed for lettuce with different transplanting dates and cultivation conditions.Regressions between cumulative evapotranspirations and cumulative pan evaporations or cumulative temperatures are piecewise linear relations.Ratios of cumulative evapotranspirations to cumulative pan evaporations or cumulative temperatures in former stage in greenhouse are lower than in open,and differences between ratios in former and latter are higher than in open.更多还原