【作者】 王军； 邱扬； 杨磊； 邸超；

【Author】 WANG Jun1, QIU Yang2, YANG Lei2, DI Chao2 (1.Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation, the Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing, 100035;2. Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875)

【机构】 国土资源部土地整治重点实验室； 北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院；

【摘要】 以北京市怀柔区的土地整理项目为例,基于GIS,应用景观生态学方法,分析了土地整理前后的土地利用结构和景观格局变化。结果表明:(1)土地整理实施后,项目区超过70%的面积为耕地,其他土地利用类型多转变为耕地。(2)土地利用的斑块数量和斑块密度降幅50%;平均斑块面积、最大斑块面积和最小斑块面积分别增加1.2倍、0.4倍和79倍,而斑块面积变异系数降低了24.18%。(3)土地利用斑块形状变得简单规则、空间分布集中,景观边缘密度、形状指数和分离度指数明显降低,降幅超过29%,分维数略有降低,而聚集度升高。(4)土地整理在减轻景观破碎化的同时也降低了景观多样性,斑块类型丰富度指数降低14%,而Shannon与Simpson的多样性指数和均匀度指数的降幅超过30%。更多还原

【Abstract】 Land consolidation plays an important role in promoting rational land use and improving ecological environments. It produces the changes of land uses and their spatial structure to result in the changes of landscape pattern and ecological effects. Therefore, it is very important significances for planning and design and eco-environmental evaluation of land consolidation to study on its landscape-ecological effects. Taking Huairou district in Beijing city as an example, the changes of land use structures and landscape patterns for land consolidation are analyzed using GIS combined with method of landscape ecology in this paper. These conclusions are as follows: (1) The land consolidation converts most of other land uses into cultivated land, whose area is more than 70% of the project area. In this process, all most of unused land was transformed into the cultivated land, some forest land was changed into cultivated land. Whereas residential and industrial areas changed indistinctively. (2) The number of land use patches and their density decreased over 50%, the areas of average patch, the largest patch and the least patch had a steep rise more 1.2, 0.4 and 79 times than before land consolidation. However, the patch variance coefficient reduces to 24.18%. (3) In the whole landscape, the land use patches became simple and regular, landscape edge density, shape index and splitting index decreased over 29%, whereas aggregation index slightly increased, when land consolidation have been finished. (4) Land consolidation reduces landscape fragmentation. At the same time, it also causes to decrease landscape diversity. The Shannon’s and Simpson’s diversity index and evenness index reduce over 30%. (5) Based on the characteristics of land consolidation and results of the former researchers, the common 10 index of landscape effect analysis including patch level and landscape level are summarized.更多还原