【作者】 李昆； 刘方炎； 张春华；

【Author】 Li Kun,Liu Fangyan (Desert Ecosystem Station in Yuanmou County,State Forestry Administration of China,Research Institute of Resources Insects, CAF,Kunming 650224,Yunnan)

【机构】 中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所国家林业局元谋荒漠生态系统定位观测站；

【摘要】 干热河谷为我国西南横断山区特有而典型的生态脆弱区。由于气候条件以及高山峡谷地形地貌的影响和人为干扰,植被和土壤严重退化,水热平衡失调,环境炎热干燥,植被恢复和生态治理难度极大,是我国造林极端困难地区之一。本文根据该地区多年的植被恢复经验和工作实践积累,通过对有关研究及其气候、土壤、植被、农时活动习惯等方面的多年观测资料的分析研究,明确提出干热河谷属于我国北热带气候,是与北热带湿润类型相对应的干热类型;具有雨季多雨高湿,旱季高温干旱,旱季持续时间较长,干旱严重。其季节性干旱是干热河谷最本质的气候特征。因此,该地区的植被恢复与生态治理除选择乡土树种外,具有明显季节性干旱的热带地区是干热河谷引进适宜造林树种的首选区域;同时,采用容器育苗,高强度水平整地松土,用有机肥追施基肥,雨季初期适时取苗造林等技术措施,可有效提高对雨季天然降水的利用率,促进苗木生长,增强植株在来年旱季的抗旱能力,从而提高造林成活率和保存率。更多还原

【Abstract】 Dry-hot valley is a special and typical ecological fragile area of Hengduanshan areas, southwest of China.As a result of climate and terrain and landforms of high mountain canyon and human disturbance,vegetation and soil were degraded seriously,and the balance of water and heat was broke,therefore,it was very hot and droughty,and was very difficult for plant recovery and ecological control.In the paper,based on the experiences of plant recovery of dry hot valley,some new ideas were showed,which including,dry hot valleys have a high temperature and humidity climate in rainy seasons, but have a high temperature and drought climate in dry seasons.They belong to north tropical climate of China,and are an opposite type with seasonal dry-hot property of humidy type of north tropical climate. The most essential property of their climate is seasonal dry-hot.On the side of suitable trees selection of plant recovery,with the exception of primary trees,some introduced trees which are from tropical area with seasonal drought are good for it.At the same time,it is very useful for seedlings to use plenty of water of the rainfall in rainy seasons,improve the growth of seedlings,strengthen the ability of drought resistance of seedlings in next year,and increase the rate of survivor of seedlings,when some work have been done before afforestation,which include seedling cultivation in some containers,high quality of soil preparation and looseness,basical fertilizer application with organic fertilizer,and afforestation in suitable time in rainy seasons.更多还原