【作者】 安鑫龙； 李雪梅；

【Author】 AN Xin-long,LI Xue-mei (Ocean College of Hebei Agricultural University,Qinhuangdao 066003,China)

【机构】 河北农业大学海洋学院；

【摘要】 大型海藻是一类重要的海洋生物资源,是海洋生态系统的重要组成部分,在海洋生态系统物质循环和维持海洋生态平衡中发挥着重要作用。本文在大型海藻生态特征以及人工栽培和增殖的基础上较为全面地总结、评述了大型海藻对近海环境的生态促进和生态抑制作用。大型海藻在生长过程中能够大量吸收C、N、P等生源要素,可以通过在同一海区交替栽培不同品种起到长期生物过滤器作用,并且能够有效提高近海生物多样性和维护海洋生态系统健康,但是大型海藻大规模爆发引发的绿潮却对近海环境和人体健康会产生一定危害。最后指出,大型海藻的生态特征是利用其进行近海海域富营养化生态修复和有效控制大型绿藻藻华爆发的基础,海藻场生态工程、大型海藻之间及其与海洋微藻之间的相互作用、大型海藻在鱼(贝、虾、蟹)藻混养中的应用、绿潮爆发的机制、长消过程、监测以及调控对策和绿潮藻无害化处置及资源化利用技术等研究是今后研究的重要方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 As an important type of marine biological resources and component of marine ecosystem,seaweeds play very important roles in matter cycling and in maintaining marine ecological balances.Based on ecological characteristics,artificial cultivation and multiplication, ecological positive and negative effects of seaweeds in coastal environment were summarized and reviewed in this paper.Seaweeds can absorb large quantities of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus during their growth process,play the role of biofilters long-term by alternate cultivation measures in the same sea area with different seaweed varieties,improve the near-shore biodiversity effectively and maintain and protect the health of marine forest ecosystem.But green tides produced by outbreak of seaweeds have negative effects on coastal environment and human health.The results suggested that ecological characteristics of seaweeds were bases of ecological remediation for coastal eutrophication and inhibition of green tides by seaweeds.Research on ecological engineering of seaweed bed,interaction between seaweeds and marine microalgae, application of seaweeds in polyculture system with fish,crabs,shrimps or shellfish,and mechanisms,processes,monitoring,countermeasures of green tides,innoxious disposal and utilization techniques of green seaweeds as resources would be the important domains to be explored in the future.更多还原