【作者】 唐宇丹； 张治明； 姚涓； 张会金；

【Author】 Tang Yu-Dan~1 Zhang Zhi-Ming Yao Juan Zhang Hui-Jin 1.Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciencesv Senior engineor)

【机构】 中国科学院植物研究所；

【摘要】 本文在调查分析华北山地生态系统植被状况、主要退化类型及退化程度基础上,指出山地植被生态恢复的前提是充分调查和收集与植被恢复相关的基础信息,包括原生植被类型,动、植物和微生物种类、数量和分布,气候和小环境等生境特点,人文、历史信息等,分析判断导致生态退化的关键因子和主要因素;在植物种类选择上应遵循乡土树种为主、谨慎引种外来种,乔、灌、草、藤本植物合理配置,适地适种及特殊抗逆性物种筛选的原则,确保生态恢复的植物物种多样性、引种成功率、生态系统结构和功能的合理性及系统自我更新演替的可持续性,有效控制外来物种的入侵和对生态系统的破坏。并根据华北山地自然植被特点和生态恢复需要,并以表格的形式简单地介绍了23种草本植物、132余种乔、灌木和20种藤本植物等乡土物种及其在群落恢复与演替中的地位和恢复技术。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the investigation and analysis about the vegetation,types and degrees of degradation ecosystem in the mountain of north China,it has been pointed out that the first thing of ecological restoration of mountain vegetation is to collect and research the data base related with the vegetation restoration,such as original vegetation types,species,species’s amounts and their distribution of animals,plants and animalcules,climate,microenvironment,human activitives and their history,sufficiently.Then finding out the key factor and main reasons which caused the ecosystem degradated.Using the native plant resource basically and introduced and application the extotic plants carefully,mixed planting the trees,shrubs, grasses and vines in the restoration system,planting the right species on the right place and selecting the special species with different special resistance,all these are the plants selection principles of the ecological restoration.Using these principles of plants selection,the restoration ecosystem will have the high level of biodiversity,and will lead to the successful rates of plants introduction,then getting to the right ecosystem structure which with the right function of them,finally the ecosystem will getting the sustainable self-renewal and succession.At the same time the damage from invasive plants will be hold up efficiently.In this paper it has been indicated that the more than 23 species of grasses,132 species trees and shrubs and 20 species of vines could be applicated in the ecological restoration in the mountain of north China.And the status of these plants in the different phases of successional ecosystem,their restoration techniques has been simply introduced in this paper in the three tables.更多还原