【作者】 赵金梅； 周禾； 孙启忠；

【Author】 ZhaoJinmei,Zhou He,Sun Qizhong

【机构】 中国农业科学院草原研究所； 中国农业大学动物科技学院；

【摘要】 多倍体在植物界普遍存在,而且多倍体在抗逆性和生产性能等方面均表现出优良特性。植物进化研究表明自然界中的多倍体是通过有性多倍化作用形成的。通过有性多倍化作用培育多倍体可以最大程度地传递亲本的杂合性,获得性状稳定的多倍体,同时可以实现优良性状、基因渗入、并克服不同倍性杂交的隔离、远缘杂交不育、自交不育等问题。牧草的多年生特性和营养繁殖特性在有性多倍体育种中具有突出优势,随着提高2n配子形成的技术不断探索和完善,有性多倍化作用在牧草育种中具有更广泛的应用和广阔的前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 Polyploid plants are popular on the earth,and have excellent characteristic in many aspects especially stress resistance and productivity.Study on plant evolution showed that polyploid plants were formed by sexual polyploidization.Sexual polyploidization could farthest transfer heterozyosity of parents,and gain the steady higher-polyploid offspring.It could also carry out introgression of important characteristic and gene, overcome segregation crossbreeding between different ploid-level plants,barrenness of distant hybridization and autocopulation et al.Forage are most perennial plant and have capability of asexual reproduction,so it have more prominent advantage of application of sexual polyploidization on improving forage grass than other crop.With exploring and improving technology of enhancing 2n gametes frequency,sexual polyploidization will have broader application and have great effect in forage breeding.更多还原