【作者】 包秀霞； 易津； 吉格吉德苏仁； 刘书润；

【Author】 Baoxiuxia~1 Yijin~1 Jigjidsuren~2 Liushurun~3 (1.Inner Mongolia Agriculture University,Huhhot;2.Institute of Animal Husbandry in Mongolia,Ulaanbaatar; 3.Inner Mongolia Normal University,Huhhot)

【机构】 内蒙古农业大学； 蒙古国家畜牧科学院； 内蒙古师范大学；

【摘要】 本论文以中蒙两国草原不同管理模式为切入点,于2007-2008年中蒙两国科学家进行联合考察,采用草原生产性能评价和生态学评价方法,比较了蒙古高原东南部中蒙比邻地区不同放牧方式对草原植被特征和草原退化的影响。结果表明,内蒙古两季轮牧的群落高度系数、盖度系数、面积系数、重要值系数1、重要值系数3为最高,其次为蒙古四季游牧放牧方式。生产性能评价角度上,这两种放牧方式下草原退化程度(均轻度退化)基本一致。蒙古四季游牧与内蒙古定居放牧方式间群落各指标有明显的差异。蒙古四季游牧、内蒙古两季轮牧方式植物生物多样性较丰富,多年生植物比例较高;而内蒙古定居放牧植物旱生化程度较高。生产性能评价结果表明蒙古四季游牧和内蒙古两季轮牧方式样地生产性能较高,草场均属于轻度退化;内蒙古定居方式草场出现重度退化。草原植被生态学评价结果显示蒙古四季游牧草原出现轻度退化;内蒙古四季轮牧和两季轮牧方式下草场中度退化;而内蒙古定居方式下草原存在极度退化现象。更多还原

【Abstract】 China and Mongolia scientist associatively investigated vegetation characteristics under the different grazing 2007-2008.We adopted evaluation of productivity and ecology,mainly compare vegetation characteristics, grassland degeneration and desertification degree under different grazing in Mongolian plateau.The result showed that community height,coverage,area,important value coefficient 1,important value coefficient 2 of two season rotational grazing are the highest,next to four season nomadic grazing in Mongolia.In the productivity evaluation, grassland degeneration degree between two seasons rotational and four seasons nomadic grazing is basically same. Community characteristics are significant differences between four seasons nomadic grazing and settled grazing. Result of community biodiversity and functional group showed that biodiversity,perennial ratio under four seasons nomadic and two seasons rotational grazing is higher than other grazing.Xerophilization degree under settled grazing is higher than other grazing.Productivity under two seasons rotational grazing is higher,it related to grassland type and productivity evaluation.Inner Mongolia livestock quantity is higher,mainly adopted settled grazing and lead to plant biodiversity is serious damaged,main family plants is decreased,annual is significant increased,Xerophilization degree is enhanced,vegetation coverage is reduced,vegetation degeneration is serious. Result of productivity evaluation showed that productivity under different grazing is significant difference. Grassland is light degradation under four seasons nomadic and two seasons rotational grazing,grassland is severe degradation under settled grazing.Ecology evaluation is measured by percent of total coverage that native plant coverage.Grassland is light degeneration under four seasons nomadic grazing,grassland is moderately degeneration under four and two seasons rotational grazing,grassland is extreme degeneration under settled grazing.更多还原