【作者】 周道玮； 孙海霞； 孙泽威；

【Author】 Daowei Zhou,Haixia Sun,Zewei Sun,Chunlong Liu (Northeast Institute of Geology and agroecology,CAS,Changchun,130012,China)

【机构】 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所； 吉林农业大学动物科学学院；

【摘要】 草地畜牧业是以草地饲草为主要资源而发展的生产牲畜的经济产业,秸秆畜牧业是以秸秆为主要资源而发展的生产牲畜的经济产业。东北农牧交错区具有优良的秸秆饲料资源和优质的放牧草地资源,为保护性草地资源利用和适应性牲畜生产的"草地-秸秆畜牧业"的发展奠定了得天独厚的基础。数据表明,玉米、水稻秸秆的营养质量与羊草干草相当,草地植物开花早期是优质的放牧资源,生物量最大时收获的羊草干草的营养质量严重下降。每年6-9月在草地放牧、其他月份利用秸秆饲喂是草地-秸秆畜牧业进行牲畜生产的适应性方案,经济效益与生态效益显著。草地畜牧业生产的核心是牲畜生长,草地-秸秆畜牧业的牲畜生长同样是饲草料数量、饲草料质量的函数,草地饲草数量和饲草质量是时间的函数。根据全年饲草供应及其饲养方案,草地畜牧业发展可以归纳为4种饲草料资源利用途径,对每一种途径的生产过程进行生长率与饲养时间的优化设计是草地畜牧业面临的挑战。更多还原

【Abstract】 Grassland farming developed based on forages resource from grassland on the world,straw farming developed based on rice straw/corn stover/soybean stalk resource from cropland after grain be harvested in crop production region in China,mainly corn-grain production region and rice production region.Grassland and cropland coexisted as mosaic distribution pattern,i.e.straw and forages resources cohered in an area in north China.No any data supported the traditional thinking that straw quality is not good as hay from grassland harvested in maximum production phase about seed-headed period.That means straw could be as a basic forage resources for ruminant animal production in northeast China.The straw-grassland farming is an approach to develop ruminant animal production in the region by grazing and feeding on grassland during growth seasons,supplementing and feeding with straw during rest seasons around a year. Development and extension of the straw-grassland farming is benefit to grassland restoration and animal production and farmer’s economics in northeast China with three-win strategies.Annual livestock feeding of straw-grassland farming include grazing on grassland during summer and supplementing by straw during winter.Matching and optimizing animal growth and grassland production quantity and quality is target task for grassland farming and straw-grassland farming too.Grassland farming could be divided four approaches according fodder sources,straw-grassland farming is one kind of the grassland farming.Our challenge come from how to design an adaptive growth rate of livestock to match the feeding period for each approach.to gain a suitable economic/ecological feed conversion efficiency.更多还原