【作者】 刘鹏； 姜红霞； 鲍正宗； 周保强； 王晓辉； 刘训理；

【Author】 LIU Peng;JIANG Hong-Xia;BAO Zheng-Zong;ZHOU Bao-Qiang;WANG Xiao-Hui;LIU Xun-Li;College of Forest, Shandong Agricultural University;

【机构】 山东农业大学林学院；

【摘要】 为寻找高效纤维素降解微生物用于蚕沙堆肥的腐熟发酵,以羧甲基纤维素钠为碳源,从泰山林地腐殖土中分离纤维素降解菌,结合纤维素刚果红水解圈测定、滤纸条降解试验和纤维素酶活力(滤纸酶活力)测定,从中筛选出一株高效纤维素降解真菌,命名为C2。经形态学鉴定和18S rDNA序列分析,鉴定该菌株为草酸青霉(Penicillium oxalicum)。该菌株有较好的滤纸条降解能力,5 d可将滤纸条降解成糊状,产纤维素酶活力高,摇瓶发酵3 d后滤纸纤维素酶活力达到132.26 U/mL,具有实用价值。将纤维素降解菌C2接种到蚕沙中进行堆肥试验,通过检测堆肥过程中堆体的温度、含水率、pH值、总有机碳、全氮、C/N比和堆体物理性状等指标的变化以及堆肥处理种子的发芽指数,评价供试菌株C2对蚕沙的腐熟效果。结果表明,处理组与对照组在堆肥过程中温度、堆体含水率、总有机碳含量、C/N比和种子发芽指数等存在显著差异,添加C2菌株后能够提高堆体温度和延长高温期,有助于降低含水率,促进有机质的分解、增加全氮相对含量、降低C/N比和提高种子发芽指数。堆肥第17天处理组的种子发芽指数达到53.14%,堆肥第29天处理组的种子发芽指数达到81.24%,说明堆体达到腐熟指标。另外,纤维素降解菌C2处理组堆体的物理性状明显好于对照组,提高了堆肥的质量。腐熟的蚕沙是优良的生物有机肥载体。更多还原

【Abstract】 Cellulose degrading strains were isolated from woodland humus of Mountain Tai with CMC-Na as the carbon source, in order to obtain high efficient degrading microorganisms applied in composting silkworm excrement. A strain of efficient cellulose degrading fungus named C2 was screened by Congo red cellulose medium, filter paper degradation test and bioassay. According to morphological and 18 S rDNA sequence analysis, this strain was identified as Penicillium oxalicum. The results showed that the strain C2 possesses high filter paper degrading ability, which degraded the filter paper into a paste within 5 days. And it was also observed that cellulose activity reached 132.26 U/mL after 3 days of fermentation, which indicated the practical value of this strain.The strain C2 was inoculated into silkworm excrement and composted. The composting effects of strain C2 were evaluated by detecting temperature, moisture content, pH, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, C/N ratio, the physical morphological characters of the pile,and germination index of the seeds handled by composting liquid. The results showed that the parameters tested both in treatment and control groups have significant differences. High temperature and extended the high temperature period were observed after C2 inoculation, which led to decrease of the moisture content and C/N ratio, promotion of the organic matter decomposition, and increase of total nitrogen and seed germination rate. The germination index of treatment group was observed at 53.14% in the 17 th day and reached 81.24% in the 29 th day, which showed better decomposition of the pile. In addition, the physical morphological characters of the treatment group were significantly better than those of the control group, indicating the improvement of the composting quality. The maturity of the silkworm manure is an excellent carrier of bio-organic fertilizer.更多还原