【作者】 杨大荣； 彭艳琼； 陈吉岳； 曹永强； 杨培；

【Author】 Yang Da-rong,Peng Yan-qiong,Chen Ji-yue,Cao Yong-qiang,Yang Pei (Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming,650223,China)

【机构】 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园；

【摘要】 冬虫夏草是鳞翅目蝠蛾属Hepialus幼虫被中华虫草菌Cordyceps sinensis寄生感病后形成的虫、菌结合体;它是中国特有的珍贵资源,仅分布于青藏高原范围内的西藏、青海、云南、四川、甘肃等省(区)和周边地区的高寒草甸的局部区域。中国已经报道蝠蛾属昆虫49种,其中证实是中华虫草菌寄主的44种。虫草蝠蛾的分布区北起甘肃与青海交界的祁连山山脉,西南和南部到与我国西藏自治区日喀则和山南地区相壤的尼泊尔、不丹两国的喜马拉雅山脉局部地区;东南至云南滇西的大理苍山山脉至四川凉山州木里一带;西至日喀则地区的萨迦和谢通门县一线;东至四川绵阳地区平武县和甘肃陇南一带;分布经纬度大约在北纬25°45′,东经99°34′;分布最北地区在甘肃河西走廊以南祁连山系,经纬度大约在北纬38°49′;东经102°90′之间,在以上经纬度的最南或者最北地区以外,均虫草蝠蛾分布。虫草蝠蛾垂直分布明显:主要分布在海边3800～5100米的范围内,分布中心区在4400～4700米之间。虫草蝠蛾在高寒草甸自然环境中,3～4年完成一个世代,正常发育,幼虫历期6龄,特殊环境可高达7～8龄;在全人工室内控制下,可在1～2.2年内完成一个世代。虫草蝠蛾和冬虫夏草资源由于人为采挖和整个环境的变化,资源日趋减少,有6～8种虫草蝠蛾种类多年来已经在青藏高原分布环境中绝迹,所以加快研究和合理利用与保护该资源,已经到了刻不容缓的地步。更多还原

【Abstract】 Cordyceps sinensis is that genus Hepialus caterpillars were infested by parasitic fungus Cordyceps sinensis to form a combination of insect and fungi,which it is precious and specific natural resources in China.C. sinensis is only distributed in in alpine meadows in the Himalayas and on the Tibetan Plateau where they include some regions of Tibet.Qinghai,Yunnan,Sichuan and Gansu.The north margin is located Qilian mountain linking Gansu and Qihai,and south and south-west margin is close to the borders between China and Nepal,and China and Bhutan,where is Himalaya mountain.The west margin is distributed in Sajia and Tongmen counties of Tibet Rikaze.The south-east margins extend to Cangshan mountain of Yunnan Dali and Muli of Sichuan Liangshan.The east margin is located in Pingwu county of Sichuan Mianyang and Gansu Longnan.The latitude range of C.sinensis distribution is N 25°45’—38°49\ and the longitude range are E 99°34’—102°90’.In genus Hepialus,49 species have been described in China,and 44 species among them are confirmed to be hosts of C. sinensis.Hepialus moths show vertical distribution in Tibetan Plateau.They is mainly distributed in those regions that the altitude range is 3,800—5,100 meters,and the distribution center is located in range of see level 4, 400—4,700 meters. In natural alpine meadows,Hepialus moths need 3—4 years to finish their life cycles.In general,the caterpillars show six ages,but they may have 7—8 ages in special environment.If Hepialus moths are raised in lab,they can finish life cycles in 1—2.2 years.Hepialus moths and C.sinensis are excessively collecting,and their natural habitat is changing.So the resources of Hepialus moths and C.sinensis are shrinking fast.About 6—8 species of Hepialus moths dispear in nature.Therefore,it has be an urgent requirement that we must try our best to study and protect the resources of Hepialus moths and C.sinensis.更多还原