【作者】 郭旭东； 邱扬； 连纲； 王静；

【Author】 Guo Xudong;Qiu Yang;Lian Gang;Wang Jing;Key Laboratory of Land Use,Ministry of National Land and Resources;Department of Resources and Environment Science,Beijing Normal University;Key laboratory of System Ecology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,CAS;

【机构】 国土资源部土地利用重点实验室； 北京师范大学资源与环境科学系； 中科院生态环境研究中心系统生态重点实验室；

【摘要】 由于经济的发展对土地资源带来的巨大压力和由此引发的土地质量下降、生态环境破坏等问题迫切要求建立能够在一定程度上比较明确反映土地质量变化因果关系及采取相应对策的基于PSR(压力-状态-响应)框架的土地质量指标体系。以陕西安塞县为例,针对其较为典型的水土流失问题,建立了基于PSR框架的土地质量指标体系。压力指标包括地形、农用地、人口、收入及格局指标,状态指标包括土壤侵蚀、土壤肥力和粮食作物产量指标,响应指标包括土地利用和政策指标。运用GIS、模型模拟和统计分析的方法计算土地质量指标的数值,以安塞县1997年土地利用图为基础,采用分级赋值、综合打分的方法进行县整体土地质量评价。结果表明,安塞县土地质量的压力主要来源于地形和人类活动干扰,全县25°以上坡度的土地占总面积的47.11%,5°以下只占4.59%;农民对土地的依赖型较强,农地面积比重和农作物播种面积分别占到52.48%和47.96%,种植业收入比重也较高。在这种压力作用下,全县土壤侵蚀较为严重,侵蚀量为6268t/km~2,土壤肥力不高,作物产量也较低,整体状态偏低;安塞县土地质量响应措施也不积极,综合得分只有1.75分。探讨了指标在土地质量管理中的应用性并提出建立一套以PSR框架为基础的,以"3S"手段为支持的,结合地面调查和相关基础地理信息的土地质量指标与技术方法体系可能是土地质量研究的一个重要方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 Huge press to land resources with economic development and land quality degradation and ecological environment deterioration urge to build up the land quality indicators based on " press-stateresponse" framework,which can reflect distinctly the reasons and results of land quality changes and correspondingly adoptable strategies.Ansai County,Shanxi Province,in the north of China,was taken as an example to build up the land quality indicators based on "press-state-response" framework for soil degradation by water erosion.The land quality indicators consist of press,sate and response indicators.Press indicators include topography,farmland,population,income and spatial pattern indicators.State indicators include soil erosion,soil fertility and crop yield.Response indicators include land use and policy.The values of land quality indicator were got by the application of CIS,model simulating and statistical analysis.Based on land use map of Ansai County in 1997,the value of press,state and response were got respectively by giving value to different grades of indicators and computing the average.The results showed the press to land in Ansai County came mainly from topography and human disturbance.The land with slope over 25° accounts for47.11%of total land area,while the land with slope less than 5° is only 4.59%.The proportion of farmland and cropping area to the total area is 52.48%and 47.96%respectively,the proportion of cultivation income is also higher,indicating the higher dependence of farmers on land.The average soil erosion is estimated about6268 t/km based on USLE model.The soil fertility and crop yield is low,so the state of land quality is also low.Response of Land quality is not active,the evaluation value is only 1.75.This paper also discussed the applicability of indicators in land quality management practice and proposed it is probably one of the most important trend for land quality research to build up the land quality indicators and methods system based on PSR framework,which is supported by "3S" technology combined with field investigation and relative basic geographical information.更多还原