【作者】 李德亮； 张婷； 肖调义； 王桂萍； 李祖军； 刘安民；

【Author】 LI De-liang 1 , ZHANG Ting 1 , XIAO Tiao-yi 1 , WANG Gui-ping 1 , LI Zu-jun2& LIU An-min 2 (1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, P.R.China; 2. Datonghu Tianhong Aquatic Products Co. Ltd., Yiyang, 413215, P.R.China)

【机构】 湖南农业大学动物科学技术学院； 大通湖天泓渔业股份有限公司；

【摘要】 大通湖是湖南省最大的养殖湖泊.随着经济价值的不断提升,湖区河蚬的开发强度逐年增加。为实现资源的合理开发和有效保护,本研究在对2009~2011年大通湖河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)现存量及其时空分布调查分析基础上,重点探讨了集约化养殖和捕捞对其资源的影响.结果显示,壳长大于6mm河蚬的平均湿重(BW)、壳长(SL)、壳高(SH)和壳宽(SW)分别为1.41±0.03g、14.82±0.09mm、13.73±0.09mm和9.72±0.06mm。平均相对高度、圆度和凸度分别为0.93±0.001、0.66±0.001和0.71±0.001。河蚬壳长、壳高、壳宽与湿重的关系分别为:lg(BW)=-3.45+3.00lg(SL)(R2=0.97;n=2057);lg(BW)=-3.23+2.89lg(SH)(R2=0.97;n=2057);lg(BW)=-2.87+2.97lg(SW)(R2=0.97;n=2057)。相关性分析表明,河蚬壳长、壳高和壳宽均是等速生长。2010~2011年,大通湖河蚬平均密度和生物量均较2009年显著增加。2009年,河蚬主要分布于中北部的蜜蜂夹湖区域;2010年开始,河蚬几乎遍布整个大通湖,但整体上呈现由东北向西南逐渐递减的趋势,密度和生物量高值出现在大通湖中部,蜜蜂夹、大西湖与尼古湖交界的区域。集约化养殖和捕捞可能是大通湖河蚬现存量增加与分布区域迅速扩展的主要原因。据此,提出了大通湖河蚬的合理开发和有效保护建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Datong Lake is the largest lake for aquaculture in Hunan province, which is also one of the typical shallow lakes of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Intensive aquaculture in Datong Lake was enhanced gradually from 1990s onward when fertilization technology in pisciculture was used. At the same time, the fishing of Asian clam Corbicula fluminea in Datong Lake gradually increased for these years due to the higher economic benefit. In order to achieve effective conservation and proper usage of C. fluminea, the present study investigated the standing crops and temporal and spatial distribution of C. fluminea in Datong Lake during 2009~2011, and concentrated on analyzing the effects of intensive aquaculture and fishing on the resources of C. fluminea. Results showed that mean (± SE) wet weight (BW), shell length (SL), shell height (SH), shell width (SW), relative height, roundness and convexity of C. fluminea with shell length longer than 6 mm were 1.41 ± 0.03 g, 14.82 ± 0.09 mm, 13.73 ± 0.09 mm, 9.72 ± 0.06 mm, 0.93 ± 0.001, 0.66 ± 0.001 and 0.71 ± 0.001, respectively. The shell length-weight, shell height-weight and shell width-weight relationships of C. fluminea wereas follow, lg (BW)=-3.45 + 3.00 lg (SL) (R 2=0.97;n=2057); lg (BW)=-3.23 + 2.89 lg (H) (R 2=0.97;n=2057); lg (BW)=-2.87 + 2.97 lg (SW) (R 2=0.97;n=1027). Correlation analysis between shell morphology and wet weight showed that the growth of shell length, shell height, and shell width were isometric. Mean (± SE) density and biomass of C. fluminea in the Datong Lake increased significantly from 2009. In 2009, C. fluminea were mainly distributed in the North part of the Datong Lake, the area of sub-lake Mifengjia Lake. After 2010,the distribution of C. fluminea extended significantly and occupied almost all areas of the Datong Lake, which showed a decreasing pattern of from the Northeast to Southwest. Higher density and biomass mainly occurred at the interaction zone of three sub-lakes (i.e., Mifengjia Lake, Daxi Lake and Nigu Lake). The results indicated that intensive aquaculture and fishing were possibly the main reasons for the increase of standing crops and expansion of C. fluminea in the Datong Lake. Effective conservation and proper usage of C. fluminea were discussed.更多还原