【作者】 刘良国； 杨品红； 杨春英； 王文彬；

【Author】 LIU Liang-guo, YANG Pin-hong, YANG Chun-ying,WANG Wen-bin (Key Laboratory of Zoology in Hunan Higher Education; College of Life Science, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, Hunan, 415000)

【机构】 动物学湖南省高校重点实验室湖南文理学院生命科学学院；

【摘要】 为了了解湖南洞庭湖水系澧水的鱼类资源现状及多样性,于2010年4-8月、2011年9-12月,在澧水上游桑植,中游慈利、石门,下游澧县、津市入湖口的干、支流共20个采样点进行鱼类资源调查。共采集鉴定鱼类92种(不含引入种),隶属于7目16科56属。种类组成以鲤科鱼类为主,占52.17%。鱼类优势种以鮈亚科的银鮈和蛇鮈、、鲫、黄颡鱼等小型鱼类为主。在空间分布上,鱼类物种数按上、中、下游依次增加,多样性指数也呈上升趋势且差异显著(P<0.05)。鱼类群落相似性系数及聚类分析表明,澧水鱼类群落可分为3个类群,即:上游类群、中游类群和下游类群;上游与中游类群为中等相似,与下游类群为中等不相似,中游与下游类群相似性小于与上游类群相似性。在生态类型方面,澧水鱼类以定居性、杂食性和底栖性鱼类为多,洄游性鱼类种类和数量偏少,江海洄游性鱼类已极为少见。研究表明,过度捕捞、水工建设等人为因素可能是导致澧水鱼类资源衰减的主要原因。更多还原

【Abstract】 For evaluating the current status of fish diversity of Lishui River in Hunan province, we sampled 20 sites in the river basin including the upper Sangzhi, the middle Cili and Shimen, and the lower Lixian and Jinshi sections between April to August of 2010 and September to December of 2011, and identified a total of 92 species (excluding introduced species) belonging to 7 orders, 16 families and 56 genera. Cyprinids were dominant, accounting for 52.17% of the total species. The dominant species were all small fishes, including Squalidus argentatus and Saurogobio dabryi of Gobioninae, Hemiculter leucisculus, Carassius auratus, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and so on. On spatial distribution, the species richness increased in turn from the upper to the lower section and the diversity indice also raised obviously. The results indicated that fish assemblages of Lishui River can be distinguished as three cluster, upriver cluster, middle reach cluster and downriver cluster. The jaccard similarity coefficient showed that the fish communities of the upper section were highly similar to those at the middle section, and moderately dissimilar to those at the lower section. There were the higher similarity degree of the fish communities between the middle section and the upper section, and lower of that between the middle section and the lower section. With regard to ecological type, fish communities at the Lishui River were dominated by sedentary, omnivore and demersa species. The species and quantities of migratory fishes were dramatically lower and especially the River-sea migratory fishes were very rare. The research suggested that over-fishing and construction of hydraulic engineering infrastructure could be potential underlying reasons for impacting fish assemblages of Lishui River. Some suggestions for the protection of the diminishing fish resources of the Lishui River were provided.更多还原