【作者】 李继定； 陈剑； 林阳政； 陈翠仙；

【Author】 LI Jiding,CHEN Jian,LIN Yangzheng,CHEN Cuixian (Membrane Technology & Engineering Research Center,Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

【机构】 清华大学化工系膜技术工程研究中心；

【摘要】 膜分离技术是当代化工分离领域的高新技术.由于它是解决人类面临的能源、资源、环境等重大问题的新技术,所以近30多年来获得了极为迅速的发展.已经在海水、苦咸水淡化,饮用水净化,超纯水制备,电站锅炉水补给水的供应,气体净化以及石油化工、医药、冶金、食品轻工、生物产品的分离、提纯和浓缩等方面发挥了重要的作用.正因为如此,世界各国,特别是发达国家不惜投巨资设立研究基金,以期在该领域占据领先地位.渗透汽化膜分离技术是一种新型膜分离技术.该技术用于液体混合物的分离,其突出的优点是能够以低的能耗,实现蒸馏、萃取、吸附等传统方法难于完成的分离任务.它特别适用于普通精馏难于分离或不能分离的近沸点、恒沸点混合物以及同分异构体的分离;对有机溶剂及混合溶剂中微量水的脱除,对废水中少量有机污染物的分离有明显的经济上和技术上的优势;还可以同生物及化学反应耦合,将反应生成物不断脱除,使反应转化率明显提高.从国际上已投产的工业装置的运行结果表明,与传统的恒沸蒸馏和萃取精馏相比,采用渗透汽化技术可使能耗大大降低,仅为蒸馏法的1/3～1/2,整个生产装置总投资为传统分离方法总投资的40%～80%.渗透汽化过程的研究开始于上世纪50年代,于上世纪80年代初开始建立小型工业装置,上世纪80年代中期实现了工业化应用.到上世纪90年代中期,世界上已相继建成了140多套渗透汽化的工业装置.我国渗透汽化膜分离技术的研究始于上世纪80年中期,至2002年,有机物脱水渗透汽化膜技术实现了工业应用.目前,8套渗透汽化膜法乙醇脱水、异丙醇脱水、叔丁醇脱水膜工业装置正在我国广东、山东、四川、辽宁、黑龙江等省正常运行,并取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益.更多还原

【Abstract】 Membrane technologies have recently emerged as an additional category of separation processes to the well - established mass transfer processes.Because many serious problems such as energy,resource and environment can be solved by the membrane technologies,membrane technologies have been consequently developed rapidly in recent 30 years.Membrane separation technologies have been mainly applied to desalination of sea and brackish water,purification of drinking water,production of pure water and separation of organic mixtures and so on.Therefore, many countries,especially developed countries,have established research funds at all costs in order to keep ahead in these fields.Pervaporation(PV) has established itself as one of the most promising membrane technologies.Pervaporation membrane separation technologies has the advantage to be less energy consuming and more environmental friendness than distillation extrac- tion,adsorption and so on.Such advantages can comprise high selectivity,low energy consumption,moderate cost to performance ratio,compact and modular design.Pervaporation offers potential solutions in a wide range of applications from the well - established dehydration of organic compounds to the recovery of organic compounds from water and the separation of organic mixtures.Within these applications PV as a process has often to compete with conventional processes like distillation,liquid- liquid extraction,and adsorption,which are reliable and whose cost can readily be calculated by industry.Based on the results of the experiments that has been put into production,it was found that pervaporation membranes process could lead to a saving in energy costs up to 1/3-1/2 compared with distillation and in total costs of investment up to 40%- 80%compared with conventional separation method.The research of pervaporation membranes process has emerged since 1950s,and industry equipment has been set up since the beginning of 1980s and the industrial application of pervaporation membranes has been realized since the middle of 1980s.More than 140 sets of PV industry equipments have been established over the world since the middle of 1990s.The research of pervaporation membranes process has emerged in our country since the middle of 1980s.Up to 2002,the industrial application of pervaporation membrane has been realized for the purpose of removing water from organic compounds.Recently,8 sets of PV have been run in Guangdong,Shangdong,Sichuan,Liaoning,Heilongjiang province of our country for the purpose of dehydration of ethanol,isopropyl alcohol and tertiary butyl alcohol.更多还原