【作者】 陈峰； 李海龙； 谭银丰； 赖伟勇； 张俊清；

【Author】 CHEN Feng,LI Hai-long,TAN Yin-feng,ZHANG Jun-qing (Key Laboratory of R&D on Tropical Medicinal Plants,College of Pharmacy,Hainan Medical University,Haikou 571101,China)

【机构】 海南医学院药学院,海南省热带药用植物研究开发重点实验室；

【摘要】 目的:探讨采收时期、部位以及干燥方式对海南罗勒精油的影响。方法:采摘海南罗勒(Ocimum basilicum L.)无花鲜叶(嫩)、含花鲜叶(嫩)、全花、全叶、茎;取新鲜罗勒嫩叶,部分经过冻存、50℃低温烘干或自然风干等处理,再用水蒸气蒸馏法提取精油。以精油收率对上述处理过程进行评价。利用气相色谱或气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析上述所得的精油。利用正交实验法优选罗勒鲜叶水蒸气蒸馏的最佳工艺。结果:无花嫩叶出油率最低,全花出油率最高,顺序是:全花>全叶>含花鲜叶>无花嫩鲜叶,茎中不含精油。鲜叶低温烘干或自然风干比鲜叶和冻存鲜叶的出油率低,约损失35%。精油中主要的物质为沉香醇(34.4%)、丁香酚(19.0%)、甲基胡椒酚(13.4%)等。丁香罗勒鲜叶剪成5cm长、加入5倍量水和提取3h为水蒸气蒸馏的最佳提取工艺。结论:采收时期、部位、干燥方式对海南罗勒精油的质量产生影响,这些信息可为海南罗勒精油的研究开发提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Purpose:The present study aimed to assess the effect of harvest periods,parts of plant, and drying methods on the essential oils prepared from Basil. Methods:The Ocimum basilicum leaves were harvested before and during florescence, meanwhile the flowers and the twig also harvested.The fresh leaves were dried by freeze-drying,using hot air at 50℃,or drying naturally.The essential oils were extracted by steam distillation from the above mentioned samples,i.e.,different parts of the basil,dry leaves,with chemical analyses performed by gas chromatography(GC) or GC coupled to mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The yield(%) of essential oils was used as evaluation parameter.The extraction of essential oils from fresh basil leaves by steam distillation was also optimized using orthogonal design. Results:The yield(%) of essential oils from the different parts of the basil was different and the rank order was as follows:flowers > leaves > leaves with flowers > tender leaves. The oils could not extracted from twig.Drying process decreased the yield of essential oils from basil leaves by 35%compared with fresh or freeze-dried ones.The results of GC-MS for essential oils demonstrated that the main constituents,expressed as percentage of total peak area,were Linalool(34.4%),Eugenol(19.0%),and Estragole(13.4%).Fresh leaves,cut to length 5 cm,was extracted with 5 times of water for 3 h was the relatively optimum steam distillation process for the extraction of essential oil from Ocimum gratissimum L. Conclusions:Harvest period,different parts of the basil,and drying process influenced the essential oils prepared from Ocimum basilicum L.by steam distillation.These results provide us the useful information for supporting the research and development of basil oils.更多还原