【作者】 林苞； 雷家骕；

【Author】 Lin Bao, Lei Jia‐su (School of Economics and Management, Tshinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China)

【机构】 清华大学经济管理学院；

【摘要】 科学不只是以求知为目的,并且实际上能够产生新技术。这种基于科学的创新往往发生在科学的前沿,并且与新行业的形成有关。但对这种创新的模式,理论上尚未深入研究。这篇文章通过对两个著名的案例(青霉素和晶体管的发明)的重新分析,对这一类创新的模式与动态进行了研究。基于科学的创新显示出由科学发现驱动的线性模式,依赖科学与技术的互动。这两个案例还显示:在某些行业,创新一直保持着与科学的联系,而在另一些行业,创新则由基于科学的模式转向基于技术的模式。这些发现对于政策和理论的含义也在文中进行了讨论。更多还原

【Abstract】 Science is not just the enquiry of knowledge; it can also produce new technology. This type of innovations, namely, science‐based innovations, usually happen in the frontiers of science, related to generations of new industries. Researchers, however, haven’t paid adequate attention to the understanding of this type of innovations. By re‐analysis of two famous cases, namely the case of penicillin and the case of transistor, this article tries to shed some light in the pattern and dynamics of science‐based innovations. Science‐based innovation shows a linear pattern, driven by scientific discoveries, relying on the interactions of science and technology. These two cases also show that in some industries innovations keep being related to scientific discoveries, while in other industries innovations can shift from science‐based to technology‐based. The implications for theories and policies of these findings are discussed in this article too.更多还原