【作者】 陈正刚； 朱青； 李剑； 熊燕华；

【Author】 Zhu Qing~1,Chen Zhenggang~(1*),Li Jian~1,Xiong Yanhua~2 (1.Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Guizhou Province,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006; 2.No.7 Middle School of Guiyang,Guiyang,Guizhou 550001)

【机构】 贵州省土壤肥料研究所； 贵阳市第七中学；

【摘要】 通过研究紫花苜蓿-玉米间作、作物分带轮作和玉米单作三种种植模式下地表覆盖度和表层土壤含水量月变化,年均土壤和养分流失量以及产量等,比较不同模式的水土保持效果。结果表明,紫花苜蓿-玉米间作与分带轮作模式可保持坡耕地全年覆盖,在整个雨季保持较高的覆盖度。紫花苜蓿根系发达,增加了0～20 cm耕层土壤中的根量,增强了雨水向土壤的渗透能力,保护了生物多样性,可减少地表径流39.3%,减少土壤侵蚀59.3%;分带轮作也可减少地表径流10.4%,减少土壤侵蚀21.3%;2种模式都提高了雨季前和雨季耕层土壤水分,减少了水土流失引起的有机质流失29.9%～52.4%,全N流失26.7%～54.9,全钾流失27.3%～70.9%,缓效钾流失21.4%～58.9%,玉米产量提高33.0%～35.9%,紫花苜蓿-玉米间作还可收获紫花苜蓿干草13664kg/hm~2,复合产量是农民习惯的4.1倍;分带轮作可收获大豆、红薯、油菜等,复合产量为12492 kg/hm~2,是农民习惯2.7倍。更多还原

【Abstract】 Surface cover degree,monthly variation of topsoil water content,loss of soil and nutrient in alfalfa-corn intercropping,strip rotation cropping and corn monoculture were studied.Then soil and water conservation effect of these planting modes were compared. Results showed that surface cover degree was high during the all rainy season in both alfalfa-corn intercropping and strip rotation cropping mode,with slope field covered by vegetation all the year round.Roots of alfalfa grew well,which not only improved the root biomass in 0-20cm layer,enhanced the capacity of the infiltration of rainwater to soil, protected biodiversity,but also reduced surface off and soil erosion of 39.3%and 59.3%. Strip rotation cropping could also reduce surface off and soil erosion of 10.4%and 21.3%. Both alfalfa-corn intercropping and strip rotation cropping increased soil moisture in rainy season and before rainy season,whilst reduced loss of organic matter(caused by soil erosion) of 29.9%-52.4%,total N of 26.7%-54.9%,total K of 27.3%-70.9%,slow available K of 21.4%-58.9%,increased corn production of 33.0-35.9%.Moreover,there was 13664kg/hm~2 in alfalfa-corn intercropping,which was 4.1 times higher than common mode.There was 12492 kg/hm~2 in strip rotation cropping which was 2.7 times higher than common mode.更多还原