【作者】 张再兴； 李雨春； 孙院红； 杜尊伟；

【Author】 Zhang Zaixing~(1,2),Li Yuchun~2,Sun Yuanhong~3,Du Zunwei~1 (1.Yunnan Institute of Parasite Disease Pu’er 655000; 2.The School of Life Science,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091; 3.The Basic Medical School of Dali University,Dali 671000)

【机构】 云南省寄生虫病防治所； 云南大学生命科学学院； 大理学院基础医学院；

【摘要】 旋毛虫病是一种严重的人兽共患病,自1964年在中国西藏报道人感染旋毛虫首例病例以来,先后在全国92个县市发现此病,有的地区有多起暴发和流行。本文回顾了我国旋毛虫的防治历程,人为的划分为三个阶段,第一阶段是防治初级阶段(1964-1979年),该阶段的主要特点是:病例分布于食生肉地区,病死率高;第二阶段是防治发展阶段(1980-1989年),该阶段的主要特点是:报道病例增多和死亡人数增加,而死亡率却下降一半以上,初步了解旋毛虫在我国的流行范围;第三阶段是再新阶段(1990-2002年),该阶段的贡献是该阶段旋毛的发病率和死亡率较前两阶段均有所下降,防治工作有了较大进步。现阶段旋毛虫病总体上呈现出新的特点:1.食生肉习俗的地区发病率降低,而食熟肉的地区发病率升高;2.以局部暴发为主,传染源多样化。针对我国当前的疫情形势和未来的疫情挑战,通过由政府主导的综合治理并结合相应的预防教育手段提出三大应对策略,分别是传染控制措施策略、国家行为策略和预防教育策略。传染控制措施策略有四个要点:①加强三大主要暴发疫源地防控,兼顾散发疫源地控制;②控制传染源,杜绝野鼠活动和加强野味市场管理;③切断传播途径;④及时救治病人;国家行为措施策略包括:①建立旋毛虫监测系统;②修订《肉类卫生检疫试行章程》;③促进旋毛虫病相关科研发展三个方面;预防教育策略包括加强健康教育,采取多样化的宣传方式、倡导科学养猪两个方面。更多还原

【Abstract】 Trichinosis is a severe zoonosis and found successively in 92 counties of China since 1964 when the first case was reported in Tibet,with the feature that outbreaks and epidemics of it happens in some places.This article reviewed the history of prevention and control of trichinosis in China and grouped the activities into three phases.The first phase,between 1980 and 1989,was characterized with the profile that the deaths of the disease were reported only in the area of people with raw meat-eaten habit and the dead rate was as high as 1.81%. The main contribution of the second phase between 1980 and 1989 is that the number of cases and the dead cases increases,but the fatality rate declined to 0.9%and the epidemic scope of this disease in China was understood.The third phase,between 1990 and 2002,gains much more progress than the former two phases in prevention and control of the diseases.In those days, the trichinosis show a new character in China,including two points as the reported cases in the cooked meat-eaten area is more than that in the raw meat - eaten one and the local outbreak and the multiple source of infection is a also new character.Facing the new challenge,we advise the government three strategies,including control infection sources,national action,and prevention and education.The control infection includes strengthening the prevention and control management in three main areas and paying attention to the other area,control the source of infection include limiting the mice action and managing the game meat market,controlling the route of transmission,cure the patient as soon as possible.The national strategy includes three aspects,i.e.,establishing trichinosis surveillance system,revision of the meat quarantine regulation,and promoting the research of trichinosis.The prevention and control strategy has two points that multiple propaganda ways to education the public and encourage the farmers to rear pig scientifically.更多还原