【作者】 欧良喜； 孙清明； 陈洁珍； 王晓容； 向旭； 蔡长河；

【Author】 (Institute of Pomology,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510640) Liang-Xi Ou,Qing-Ming Sun,Jie-Zhen Chen,Xiao-Rong Wang,Xu Xiang,Chang-He Cai.

【机构】 广东省农业科学院查树研究所；

【摘要】 荔枝是典型的异花授粉植物,通过授粉受精才能正常结籽和结实。不同荔枝种质资源的花粉特性是指导授粉实践的理论依据.有效的花粉发芽数量是成功受精的前提基础。本试验对国家果树种质广州荔枝圃中的108份荔枝种质花粉量及76份种质发芽率进行了测定,并对其中的5份种质进行了雄花不同发育阶段的花粉数量和发芽率的研究。结果表明:1、种质间花粉数量存在显著差异,呈连续变化,一个成熟花药内3000-5000粒花粉可作为荔枝花粉量的特性。2、种质间的荔枝花粉发芽率存在差异,20%-40%的花粉发芽率可以作为恶劣年份荔枝花粉发芽率的特性。3、雄花不同发育阶段花粉数量和发芽率存在差异。同一花药内的花粉发育不同步,差别较大。同样花粉发芽率也存在差异,但是差异较小。本研究发现花丝伸长达到一半以上但花药还未开裂期间的有效花粉发芽数量最高,是生产上采集花粉的最佳时机。该研究为栽培上选择花粉量大、花粉发芽率高的授粉品种,以及人工杂交育种上花粉最佳采集时期的选择提供了理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Litchi is a typical cross-pollinated plant which can be fertilized through pollination and seed setting.The pollen characteristics of different litchi germplasm resources are the theoretical basis on pollination practice,and the effective number of pollen germination is a prerequisite for the success of fertilization.From the National Fruit Germplasm_Guangzhou Litchi Nursery,Pollen number of 108 litchi germplasm and pollen germination rate of 76 germplasm were measured,and 5 of these were studied on pollen number and germination rate of male flowers in different developmental stages.The results showed that:1,The pollen number has a significant difference between germplasm,which was a continuous change,3000-5000 pollen grains in a mature anther can be used as the characteristics of litchi pollen;2,There is a difference among Litchi germplasm in pollen germination rate,20%-40%of the pollen germination rate can serve as the litchi pollen germination rate characteristics in a bad year;3,The pollen number and germination rate were different between different developmental stages of male flower.The development of pollen within the same anther is not synchronized and has a larger difference.There is different in pollen germination rate,but smaller difference.This study found that there has an effective number of the highest pollen germination during the more than half of Filament and before the anther cracking,which is the best time of pollen collection.The study provides a theoretical basis for selecting pollination germplasm of a large quantity of pollen and higher pollen germination rate in cultivation,as well as the best period of pollen collected in artificial breeding.更多还原