【作者】 仰海峰；

【Author】 Yang Haifeng

【机构】 北京大学哲学系；

【摘要】 随着组织化资本主义社会的兴起,技术已经替代了传统形而上学,成为支配社会的主导力量。技术的支配作用使社会、人及人的思想走向了单向度化,思想与现实之间的批判性张力消失殆尽。面对这样的历史与思想语境,马尔库塞在《单向度的人》一书中力图恢复以现象与本质、主体与客体、现实与潜能等二分法为基础的形而上学,以发挥哲学的否定性批判功能,形成了以"大拒绝"为特征的激进批判理论。马尔库塞对批判理论的建构,是对法兰克福社会研究所早期规划的承袭与发展。其内在的理论困境也表明,在当代资本主义社会,试图通过恢复传统形而上学式的理论逻辑是难以真正地面对社会变迁的新问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the organized capitalist society,metaphysics has been superseded by technology,technology has been the dominant force and made society,hu- man and thought of human one-dimensional,the critical tension of thought and reality has been disappeared.In the context of such history and thought,Marcuse tries to resume the negative critical function of metaphys- ics which is based on the dualism of appearance/essence,subject/object, reality/potentiality,and constructs the radical critical theory of ’absolute refusal’.The critical theory of Marcuse is the development of project of early Frankfurt School,the difficult position of his theory makes clear that it is difficult to face the new problem by resuming traditional metaphysics.更多还原