【作者】 谢志坚； 涂书新； 李进平； 许汝冰； 陈振国； 曹仕明； 王学龙；

【Author】 XIE Zhi-jian~(1,3),TU Shu-xin~1,LI Jin-ping~2,XU Ru-bing~2,CHEN Zhen-guo~2,CAO Shi-ming~2, WANG Xue-long~4 (1.College of Resource and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;2.Hubei Institute of Tobacco Science,Wuhan 430030 China;3.Institute of Soil & and Fertilizer and Resource & Environment,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchang 330200,China;4.Xiangfan Tobacco Company,Hubei Xiangfan 441003,China)

【机构】 华中农业大学资源与环境学院； 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所； 湖北省烟草科研所； 襄樊市烟草公司；

【摘要】 大田试验条件下,设计2个基肥施用时间（从移栽日期开始计算分别提前15 d、30 d）及氮肥,应用¹⁵N同位素示踪技术,在湖北襄樊植烟生态区老湾村（N 31°27′,E 111°14′,海拔:1130 m）研究了不同基肥施用时间和施氮对烤烟烟碱含量以及烟碱氮素来源的影响。试验结果表明:烤烟干物质累积量和烟碱含量均随生育进程而逐渐增加,而且,打顶之前,烟碱含量随着叶位上升逐渐下降,打顶之后则相反。烤烟各部位烟叶烟碱氮来源于肥料氮的比例随着生育进程和叶位上升均逐渐下降。与不施氮相比,施用氮肥显著增加地上部干物质累积量和各部位烟叶烟碱含量,分别为2.1～2.7倍和0.1～0.7倍。至成熟期,与提前15 d施用基肥相比,提前30 d施用基肥,烤烟地上部干物质累积量和烟叶烟碱含量分别增加2.2%～8.0%和6.3%～18.5%。基肥施用时间对烟碱氮中肥料氮占总烟碱氮的影响不明显。因此,在试验地点适当提前施用基肥有利于降低烟叶烟碱含量,改善品质,从而提高工业可用性。更多还原

【Abstract】 A field experiment with ¹⁵N isotope tracing micro-plots was carried out to study the effects of basal N fertilizer application time（15 d,30 d before the transplanting） of flue-cured tobacco（FCT） seedlings and nitrogen fertilization（with N and without N） on growth and development,nicotine concentrations and sources of nicotine N of FCT in Laowan（N 31°27′,E 111°14′,1 130 m above sea level）,a main tobacco production area of Xiangfan city, Hubei province.The results showed that both dry matter accumulation and nicotine concentrations of different parts of FCT increased with growing of plants.The concentrations of nicotine decreased with the ascending of leaf position before topping period,but just opposite after the removal of apex.The proportion of nicotine N from fertilizer to total nicotine N decreased with growing of FCT plants and the rising of leaf position.Applying N fertilizer significantly increased dry matter accumulation of shoot and the nicotine concentrations of different poisional tobacco leaves by 2.1～2.7 fold and 0.1～0.7 fold respectively.Compared with the basal fertilization time 15 d before transplanting, applying basal fertilizer 30 d before transplanting increased the dry matter accumulation and nicotine concentrations of flue-cured tobacco by 2.2%～8.0%and 6.3%～18.5%respectively.There was no significant effects of basal N fertilization time on the proportion of nicotine～N from fertilizer in organs of FCT plants at mature stage.These results suggested that properly putting forward the basal N fertilization time before transplanting make for decrease of nicotine concentrations and improvement of quality of FCT leaves,so as to improve its industrial utilities.更多还原