【作者】 刘强； 荣湘民； 谢桂先； 彭建伟； 宋海星； 张玉平；

【Author】 Liu Qiang Rong Xiangmin Xie Guixian Peng Jianwei Song Haixing Zhang Yuping (College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China)

【机构】 湖南农业大学资源环境学院；

【摘要】 洞庭湖区是湖南省重要的粮棉油渔生产基地,近年来,由于洞庭湖区种养殖业迅速发展和人们生活水平的提高,农田化肥、生活污水、畜禽粪便等向洞庭湖排放增多,庭湖水体污染加重。在国家及省部级多项课题的支助下,课题组从2006年开始对洞庭湖农业面源污染综合防治技术开展了较为深入系统的研究,集成组装出了双季稻田减污高产型生产技术规程、湖垸旱地及丘岗坡地减污高产型生产技术规程、畜禽养殖业废弃物资源化利用技术规程和水产养殖业减污高产型生产技术规程,新技术的推广应用地区主要粮食和经济作物化学氮磷肥施用量降低20%～30%,农药施用量降低50%～60%,水稻、棉花等作物不减产或产量略有增加,肥料利用效率提高5个百分点以上,氮磷流失量分别降低21%～32%、18%～26%,畜禽养殖废弃物肥料化、能源化利用率80%以上,水产养殖水体中氮磷降低20%～30%。更多还原

【Abstract】 Dongting lake is the rice, cotton, oil and fishing production base of Hunan province, with the rapid development of planting, animal husbandry and the improvement of the people’s living standard recently, the water of Dongting lake has been seriously polluted by increased discharge of chemical fertilizers in the field, domestic sewage, livestock and poultry manure and so on, With support projects of the national, ministry and province, the integrated management of agricultural non-point pollution has been system demonstrated and studied in Dongting lake since 2006, Integral packaging the production technical regulations of pollution decline and high production model in double cropping rice field, the production technical regulations of pollution decline and high production model in sloping land, lake and dry land, the production technical regulations of livestock and poultry manure rational reusing and the production technical regulations of aquatic farming with pollution decline and high production model. The N and P application amount of main food crop and industrial crop in new technical demonstration district are decreased by 20%～30%, the application amount of chemical pesticide are decreased by 50%～60%, the production of rice and maize are not decreased or increased Slightly, the use efficiency of chemical fertilizer are increased over than 5 percentage point, the loss amount of runoff N and P are decreased by 21%～32% and 18%～26% respectively, the fertilizer use and energy use efficiency of livestock and poultry manure are over than 80%, the content of N and P in aquatic farming water are decreased by 20%-30%.更多还原