重庆市燃煤型氟中毒病区环境氟调查分析

【作者】 陈静； 肖邦忠； 晏维； 周倩如； 张洁； 王正虹； 赵舰； 郭小琳； 罗兴建；

【机构】 重庆市疾病预防控制中心；

【摘要】 目的了解重庆市燃煤型氟中毒病区环境氟分布特征,为科学防治该病提供科学依据。方法调查巫山县凌云和栗子村,彭水县大青和太平村氟中毒病情;采样检测煤、土壤、拌土、拌煤、煤渣、饮用水、蔬菜、茶叶和室内外空气氟含量,同时以永川区的双楼和仙龙非病区村作对照调查;计算患病率、平均数、标准差,采用χ2?方检验和方差分析等进行统计分析。结果病区村儿童氟斑牙患病率为74.65%,成人氟骨症检出率为7.20%;检测病区村煤45份、拌煤土(拌土)20份,煤与土混合物(拌煤)7份,煤渣25份,土壤42份,氟含量平均值分别为310.56 mg/kg,360.51 mg/kg,293.62 mg/kg,186.59 mg/kg,497.54 mg/kg,检测非病区村煤和拌土各5份,拌煤9份,煤渣9份,土壤10份,氟含量分别为48.68 mg/kg,275.66 mg/kg,150.20 mg/kg,209.14 mg/kg,269.98mg/kg,除煤渣外,其他样品病区显著高于非病区;检测病区和非病区饮用水50份和10份,氟含量病区(0.30 mg/L)显著高于非病区(0.18 mg/L);检测玉米病区和非病区102份和10份,氟含量分别为1.83 mg/kg和2.21 mg/kg,二者无显著性差异;检测辣椒病区108份,非病区10份,氟含量病区(23.50 mg/kg)显著高于非病区(2.82 mg/kg)。检测大米、土豆、蔬菜,病区为47份、24份、77份,非病区为10份、8份、26份,氟含量非病区(1.31 mg/k g、0.64 mg/kg、1.10 mg/kg)显著高于病区(0.77 mg/kg、0.44 mg/kg、0.48 mg/kg);检测室内和室外空气氟病区和非病区各20份和10份,室内空气氟病区(10.63μg/m3)显著高于非病区(1.16μg/m3),室外空气氟病区(1.10μg/m3)和非病区(0.39μg/m3)无显著性差异;检测茶叶病区和非病区32份和10份,氟含量为99.41 mg/kg和79.95 mg/kg,检测茶水17份和10份,氟含量为1.59 mg/L和1.80 mg/L,病区与非病区均无显著差异,但人均饮茶水量病区(1.45L/d)显著高于非病区(1.00L/d)。结论燃煤型氟中毒的氟源为煤和拌煤土,氟进入人体的途径主要为呼吸道,而从食物摄入量很少,干辣椒氟含量虽高,但居民不食用;防治措施应以控制室内空气氟为主。饮茶可能为氟中毒的多重因素,须在深入研究的基础上采取相应措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To find out the distribution features of of endemic fluorosis related to air pollution caused by burning coal in Chongqing.It can provide a scientific basis to combat the disease.ethods To investigate the condition of fluorosis in Lingyun and Lizi of Wushan,Daqing and Tiping of Pengshui.Sampling detection the content of fluoride in coal,soil,soil used to mix in coal,mixed coal,cinder,drinking water,vegetables,tea,air indoor and outdoor.Shuanglou and Xianlong of Yongchuan was used to be control village.To calculate the prevalence rate,the mean,the standard deviation.χ2-square test and variance analysis is used to be statistical analysis.Result The detected rate of dental fluorosi of children in area was 74.65%.The detected rate of skeletal fluorosis of adult was 7.20%..We detected 45 copies coal,20 copies soil used to mix in coal,7 copies mixed coal,25 copies cinder,42 copies soil in villages of endemic The average fluoride content was 310.56 mg/kg,360.51 mg/kg,293.62 mg/kg,186.59 mg/kg,497.54 mg/kg.We detected 5 copies coal,5 copies soil used to mix in coal,9 copies mixed coal,9 copies cinder,10 copies soil in villages of non-endemic.The average fluoride content was48.68 mg/kg,275.66 mg/kg,150.20 mg/kg,209.14 mg/kg,269.98 mg/kg.The fluoride content level villages of endemic areSignificantly higher than villages of non-endemic except for cinder.We detected 50 copies of drinking water in endemic village,and 10 copies of drinking water in non-endemic village.The fluoride content level villages of endemic are Significantly higher than villages.We detected 102 copies of corn in endemic village,and 10 copies of corn in non-endemic village.There aren’t significant difference between them.We detected 108 copies of pepper in endemic village,and 10 copies of pepper in non-endemic village.The fluoride content level villages of non-endemic are Significantly higher than villages of endemic.We detected 47 copies of rice,24 copies of potato,77 copies of vegetables in endmic village,and detected 10 copies of rice,8 copies of potato,26 copies of vegetables in non-endmic village,The fluoride content level villages of non-endemic are Significantly higher than villages of endemic.We detected 20 copies of air indoor in endmic village and non-endmic village,and 10 copies of air outdoor.The fluoride content level indoor villages of endemic are Significantly higher than villages of non-endemic.And there aran’t any difference.We detected 32 copies of a tea leaf in villages of endemic and 10 copies of a tea leaf in villages of non-endemic.The fluoride contents were 99.41 mg/k and 79.95 mg/kg.We detected 17 copies of tea in villages of endemic and 10 copies of tea in villages of non-endemic.The fluoride contents were 1.59 mg/ and 1.80 mg/L.There aran’t any difference beteen them.But people in villages of endemic were intake more fluorine from tea than people in villages of non-endemic.Results The fluorosis related to air pollution caused by burning coal was caused by coal and soil used to mix in coal.The main way which fluoride enters the human body was respiratory.So the main way to control the fluorosis related to air pollution caused by burning coal is reducing the contence of fluoride in the air.Drinking tea may be the multiple factors of fluorosis.We can Take corresponding base on In-depth study.更多还原