【作者】 林被甸； 董经胜；

【Author】 Lin Beidian & Dong Jingsheng Peking University

【机构】 北京大学；

【摘要】 19世纪晚期到20世纪初华人在墨西哥的兴衰,与这段时期墨西哥的现代化进程紧密相关。19世纪70年代前后,随着欧洲和北美第二次工业革命的展开,他们对于食品和工业原料的需求日增,从而为拉美面向出口的初级产品生产的提供了巨大的市场,拉美各国迎来了一个出口经济空前繁荣的时代。从19世纪70年代前后到30年代的大萧条,是拉美现代化的第一个阶段,在出口经济带动下,工业化、城市化、社会和政治变革接踵而至,但是,这种现代化模式随着30年代的大萧条陷入危机。正是出口经济的发展,导致了对于劳动力的巨大需求,从而促使墨西哥大量吸引华工;正是出口经济的发展,为华人企业在墨西哥的发展创造了机遇;然而,也正是出口经济的危机,导致了墨西哥的排华潮的兴起,致使大量华人被迫害、驱赶。墨西哥的排华的经历表明,尽管华人在经济上取得了一定的成功,但是在政治领域却不能成功地保护自己。这说明,在20世纪初的墨西哥,在实证主义的种族主义思潮的影响下,华人种族和文化特殊性成为一个集团身份的负面标记,在导致华人被歧视、迫害与排挤的过程中发挥了重要的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The rise and fall of the Chinese emigrants in Mexico at the end of the 19 century and the beginning of 20^th century was closely related with the process of modernization in Mexico.After about the 1970s,the second industrial revolution in Europe led to the growing need of raw material,with the result of rapid export-led growth as well as the change in social and political sphere in Mexico and other Latin American countries.However,with the advent of the Great Depression in the 1930^th,the export-led development entered into crisis.The export growth led to the demand of labor force,and the Mexican government made efforts to attract the emigrant of the Chinese.The export growth also provided the opportunities for the Chinese business in Mexico.Similarly,the crisis of export growth led to the anti-Chinese movements in Mexico. Although the main reason of the anti-Chinese movements in Mexico was economic,the destiny of Chinese in Mexico,compared with the European emigrants in Latin American countries,also reflected the influence of positivism in Mexico,which had strong racialism.更多还原