【作者】 沈根祥； 黄丽华； 钱晓雍； 潘丹丹； 施圣高； M.L.Gullino；

【Author】 SHEN Gen-xiang~(1*),HUANG Li-hua~1,QIAN Xiao-yong~1,PAN Dan-dan~2,SHI Sheng-gao~3,M.L.Gullino~4 (1.Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences,Shanghai 200233,China;2.College of Environmental and Resource Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310004,China;3.SIIC Modern Agriculture Development Co.Ltd,Shanghai,202183,China;4.AGROINNOVA,Turin University,Turin,10095,Italy)

【机构】 上海市环境科学研究院； 浙江大学环境与资源学院； 上海上实现代农业开发有限公司； 意大利都灵大学农业环境能力创新中心；

【摘要】 以崇明岛东滩绿色农业示范项目为研究案例,在定量监测环境友好农业生产方式对农业污染控制效果的基础上,运用相关经济学方法,从环境友好农业创造的生态效益价值和实际投入的额外成本两个角度出发,探讨了生态补偿标准的理论上限值和下限值,同时讨论了在实际制定补偿标准时需要考虑的其它因素和采取的补偿方式.结果表明,环境友好农业生产可有效削减氮素流失负荷和温室气体（N₂O和CO₂）排放通量,削减率分别达到46.6～61.8%和23.4～46.7%;在梨园所创造的生态效益价值和实际额外投入成本分别为10135.6 RMB·hm^-2·a^-1和3066.1 RMB·hm^-2·a^-1,在蔬菜田所创造的生态效益价值和实际额外投入成本分别为7640.1 RMB·hm^-2·a^-1和3165.2 RMB·hm^-2·a^-1.因此,梨园和蔬菜田每减施1kg纯氮可获得的生态补偿理论值范围分别为18.7～61.8元和18.4～44.3元.更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the green agriculture demonstration project in Dongtan,Chongming Island,the ecological benefits created in the environmental-friendly agriculture production and the additional production cost compared with the conventional agriculture production were monetized,with the opportunity cost method and shadow price method.Therefore,the theoretical maximum value and minimum value of ecological compensation criteria for environmental-friendly agriculture production were quantified.It indicated that the nitrogen loss load and GHGs emission flux were significantly mitigated in the environmental-friendly agriculture,and the reduction rate were 46.6%～61.8%and 23.4%～46.7%,respectively.The ecological benefits and the additional production cost in pear orchard were 10135.6 RMB·hm^-2·a^-1and 3066.1RMB·hm^-2·a^-1,respectively.While in vegetable field were 7640.1RMB·hm^-2·a^-1and 3165.2RMB·hm^-2·a^-1,respectively.Consequently,when reducing 1kg pure nitrogen,the theoretical compensation criteria in pear orchard should be 18.7～61.8 RMB,and in vegetable field should be 18.4～44.3 RMB.Furthermore,other factors should be taken into consideration when developing the compensation criteria in reality,as well as the compensation means regarding the environmental-friendly agriculture was also discussed.更多还原