固体有机物快速腐熟的微波预处理研究

【作者】 张小勇； 莫海涛；

【机构】 中国科学院过程工程研究所生化工程国家重点实验室；

【摘要】 固体有机物腐熟时间长是制约工业化大规模生产有机肥料的一个瓶颈,如何提高腐熟效率,缩短腐熟时间成为有机肥制备中至关重要的关键技术问题。利用微波加热速度快,效率高的特点,我们选用秸秆、畜禽粪便、生活垃圾等固体有机物在腐熟前进行了微波加热预处理研究,现将初步研究结果报告如下:1、用微波预处理后,有机物的腐熟时间从未处理的30-60天缩短至4-8天。在经过10-30分钟的微波辐射后,有机物中的纤维素、半纤维素、木质素、有机酸和蛋白质的结构发生明显的变化,对有机物进行全波长扫描分析,其图谱有明显的不同。2、经微波辐射处理5分钟后,羟基和羧基的数量上升3倍3、经微波预处理后的有机物料在腐熟过程中,微生物的种类也有所不同。霉菌和厌氧菌的数量显著高于未经微波处理的物料,而放线菌的数量则较低。4、经微波预处理的有机物料的腐熟曲线与未经腐熟的有机物料腐熟曲线有明显的差别,腐熟周期缩短至四分之一。5、种子发芽试验证明,经微波预处理后腐熟的有机物料对种子发芽无不良影响。初步研究显示,对固体有机废弃物进行微波预处理可以有效提高腐熟效率,缩短腐熟时间,用这种方法制备的有机肥质量良好。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is a key problem that the time of decay of organic material is too long to prepare organic fertilizer from solid organic waste.In our study,straw,livestock dung,waste of sugar plant and life waste were used as test material to study how to shorten the time by pretreatment of microwave before solid fermentation. The primary results were as follows. 1.With treatment of microwave,the decay time of the organic materials were decreased to 4-8 days from 30-60 days in non-treatment.The structure and space of molecular in cellulose,hemicellulose,lignin,organic acid and protein had evidently changed after 30min by the radiation of microwave,the absorption peaks of active groups in all-wavelenth spectrum were different between treatment and non-treatment. 2.The numbers of carboxyl and carbonyl had increased remarkably after 5min radiation;especially in acid condition the number was 3 times more than the control. 3.The type and number of microorganism were different during decay after microwave radiation.The numbers of mildew and anaerobic microbe,with treatment of microwave,were much higher than the control, while the number of actinomycins was rather low. 4.The curve of decay was different,and the length of phase of decay was shortened to 1/4 compared with the control. 5.The seed test proved that there wasn’t harmful effect on germination with the use of the organic fertilizer pretreated by microwave. In conclusion,the primary study showed that the radiation of microwave is effective way to increase the speed of decay in making organic fertilizer,the quality of the organic fertilizer mading by this way is good.更多还原