【作者】 贾晓龙； 于运花； 李刚； 隋刚； 李鹏； 杨小平；

【Author】 JIAXiaolong,YU Yunhua,LI Gang,SUI Gang,LI Peng,YANG Xiaoping~* (Key Lab of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical technology,Beijing 100029)

【机构】 北京化工大学新型高分子材料的制备与加工北京市重点实验室；

【摘要】 三元乙丙橡胶绝热复合材料是固体火箭发动机壳体的一种新型热防护材料。本文介绍了国产化芳砜纶纤维和酚醛树脂中空微球对国产某牌号的三元乙丙橡胶绝热复合材料线烧蚀率、拉伸强度、断裂延伸率、密度等性能的影响,同时提出了三元乙丙橡胶复合材料梯度化设计的新思路,最后探讨了三元乙丙橡胶复合材料的耐烧蚀机理。实验结果表明对芳砜纶浆粕纤维进行表面预处理能有效提高其的分散性和与基体橡胶的界面结合。添加10份芳砜纶纤维时复合材料性能优异,拉伸强度达6.02MPa,断裂延伸率为492%,线烧蚀率为0.01mm/s。对酚醛树脂中空微球进行表面预处理能保证其的完整性和提高其的分散性。酚醛树脂中空微球能大大降低材料的密度和导热系数,有利于降低火箭发动机的消极质量和保护发动机壳体。梯度化绝热复合材料具有优异烧蚀性能和力学性能的同时,整体具有很低的密度、较低的导热系数,在某些火箭发动机上具有广阔的应用前景。此外,烧蚀机理研究表明浆粕纤维对材料耐烧蚀性能的贡献远大于基体橡胶。更多还原

【Abstract】 EPDM composites were new generation thermal insulating composites of solid rocket motor.In this paper,effects of polysulfonamide pulp fiber and hollow phenolic micro-sphere on properties of EPDM thermal insulating composites,such as ablation rate,tensile strength and density,were investigated.Functionally graded design and ablation mechanism of EPDM composites were discussed.The results indicated that the dispersion degree and interface bonding of pretreated polysulfonamide pulp fiber in EPDM matrix were enhanced obviously.The tensile strength and break elongation of the thermal insulating composites with 10 phr polysulfonamide pulp fiber were 6.02 MPa and 492%,respectively,as well as the ablation rate was reduced to 0.01mm/s.Besides,the pretreated hollow phenolic micro-sphere was undamaged with homogeneous dispersion in EPDM matrix.With increasing the content of hollow phenolic micro-sphere,the density and thermal conductivity of the insulating composites could be reduced obviously,which was beneficial to reduce the passive mass of rocket motor and protect the motor case.The density and thermal conductivity of the functionally graded thermal insulating composites,which exhibited excellent mechanical and ablative properties,were low in total, showing great application potential in the rocket motors.During the ablation of EPDM composites, the contribution of polysulfonamide pulp fiber to the char formation was much more than that of EPDM matrix.更多还原