【作者】 王浩；

【导师】 花广如； 郭怀东；

【作者基本信息】 华北电力大学 ， 机械硕士（专业学位）， 2025， 硕士

【摘要】 跨越架作为电力线路架设过程中的关键安全防护设施,承担着保障施工安全、确保施工效率、优化工程进度等重要职责,在电力线路施工中发挥着至关重要的作用。在辽宁省等地区,目前跨越配电线路工程中普遍使用传统的跨越架。传统的跨越架(通常由木架、竹架、钢管架等材料构成)结构复杂,搭设过程需要大量的人工操作和较长的施工周期,难以适应高频次、高复杂度的施工需求,极大地影响了电网建设的安全性、施工效率以及环境的可持续性。因此,开展跨越配电线路的跨越架的研究成为目前研究的重要方向。本文基于课题组研究的新型便携式跨越架技术,提出了一种新型组合式模块化跨越架结构,相比于传统的跨越架,新型跨越架的结构简单、模块化设计、可重复利用率高、占地面积少且便于运输,适用于目前电网建设中配电线路的跨越工程。首先,以跨越10k V配电线路工程为例,提出组合式模块化跨越架的总体方案。根据设计要求,对新型跨越架的主立柱进行组合式模块化的设计;为了满足安装误差的需求,对横梁采用可微调的设计方案;为了新型跨越架能够更好地承受导线坠落的冲击载荷,设计弹簧系统与封网相结合的抗冲击缓冲方案。其次,开展新型跨越架力学性能的研究。首先对跨越架承受静态载荷进行理论分析,验证了其结构的稳定性。然后,利用ANSYS有限元软件,对新型跨越架主体结构在自重、风载荷和受力作用下进行静力学仿真,结果表明其主体结构满足强度要求,但是受载荷作用时的变形较大,需要进行拉线处理,以增强其稳定性。最后,进行导线坠落冲击跨越架试验。为了验证新型跨越架在实际工况下的稳定性,研究并制作了一套缩比样机模型。在模拟真实试验环境下,对新型跨越架在导线不同坠落高度和不同刚度系数的弹簧下进行了一系列的动态冲击试验,并使用有限元软件对导线冲击跨越架进行仿真验证。通过分析计算,新型跨越架的弹簧系统有效地吸收了部分冲击力,能够起到很好的缓冲作用,明显提高了结构的稳定性。同时,数据分析获得了该类型跨越架在导线冲击载荷下的规律,为今后此类型跨越架的设计提供了参考依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a key safety protection facility in the process of power line erection,the crossing frame bears important responsibilities such as ensuring construction safety,guaranteeing construction efficiency,and optimizing project progress.It plays a crucial role in power line construction.In regions like Liaoning Province,traditional crossing frames are commonly used in the construction of distribution line crossing projects.Traditional crossing frames(typically made of wood,bamboo,or steel pipes)have complex structures,require extensive manual labor and a long construction period during erection,making them difficult to meet the demands of high-frequency and high-complexity construction.This significantly affects the safety of power grid construction,construction efficiency,and environmental sustainability.Therefore,the research on crossing frames for distribution line crossing has become an important direction of current research.In this thesis,based on the new portable crossing frame technology developed by the research group,proposes a new modular and combinational crossing frame structure.Compared with traditional crossing frames,the new crossing frame has a simple structure,modular design,high reusability,less floor space,and is easy to transport.It is suitable for the crossing projects of distribution lines in current power grid construction.Firstly,taking the crossing project of 10k V distribution lines as an example,the overall scheme of the combinational modular crossing frame is proposed.According to the design requirements,the main columns of the new crossing frame are designed in a combinational modular way;to meet the installation error requirements,the crossbeams adopt a micro-adjustable design;to enable the new crossing frame to better withstand the impact load of falling conductors,a shock absorption and buffering scheme combining a spring system and a net is designed.Secondly,the mechanical performance of the new crossing frame is studied.Firstly,a theoretical analysis of the static load-bearing capacity of the crossing frame is conducted,verifying the stability of its structure.Then,using ANSYS finite element software,static simulations of the main structure of the new crossing frame under self-weight,wind load,and force are carried out.The results show that the main structure meets the strength requirements,but the deformation under load is relatively large,and guy wires need to be installed to enhance its stability.Finally,a dynamic impact test of the crossing frame under falling conductors is conducted.To verify the stability of the new crossing frame under actual working conditions,a set of scaled-down model is designed and fabricated.Under simulated real test conditions,a series of dynamic impact tests are carried out on the new crossing frame under different falling heights of conductors and different stiffness coefficients of springs,and the impact of conductors on the crossing frame is simulated and verified using finite element software.Through analysis and calculation,it is found that the spring system of the new crossing frame effectively absorbs part of the impact force and plays a good buffering role,significantly improving the stability of the structure.At the same time,the data analysis obtains the law of this type of crossing frame under the impact load of conductors,providing a reference basis for the design of this type of crossing frame in the future.更多还原