【作者】 陈琦；

【导师】 张晶； 陈新明；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 农业推广硕士（专业学位）， 2025， 硕士

【摘要】 农村居民点作为广大农村地区人口聚居与社会经济活动的核心载体,本质上是一个由多要素构成的复杂系统。其中用地结构与功能是紧密结合、相互依存的两个方面,二者之间存在复杂的耦合关系。探明用地结构与功能的内在联系并推动其协调发展,是实现农村居民点系统良性运行的核心议题。大都市郊区作为连接城市与乡村的过渡地带,在促进城乡融合和乡村振兴中具有重要战略地位。然而大都市郊区的快速发展导致农村居民点用地面临空心化等用地结构与功能错配问题,制约了乡村人地协调与可持续发展。当前关于农村居民点用地结构与功能的研究多局限于结构特征或功能属性的独立探讨,且主要集中关注在理论层面,缺乏对二者耦合关系的定量研究和机制解析。由此,本研究按照“理论解析—定量测度—耦合分析—机理探究—对策建议”的思路,在乡村地域系统理论、系统耦合理论等理论的指导下,以杭州市临安区为研究对象,综合采用土地利用数据、村庄调查数据等多源数据,运用多维梯度划分法、多样性测度模型、可解释性机器学习模型等方法,从“主导性-多样性”视角构建了农村居民点用地结构与功能耦合分析框架,识别了农村居民点用地主导结构与功能类型,评估了其结构与功能多样性的发展水平,解析了二者之间的耦合关系与空间分异特征,并揭示了农村居民点用地结构与功能耦合的内在机理,以期为新时代大都市郊区农村居民点的精细化配置与治理提供实践参考。研究结论如下:(1)临安区农村居民点用地共有9种主导结构,以生活居住-公共服务二元主导型结构为主,从城郊融合地带到农村腹地,结构类型由多元向单一转变;主导功能类型共有11种,多主导功能复合利用特征突出,在空间上呈现镶嵌分布格局。在多样性方面,结构多样性普遍处于中等水平,而用地多功能性以较低水平为主导,两者均呈现沿东西轴线向南北两侧辐射递减的变化规律,但在具体分异模式上结构多样性沿轴线分布特征更突出,用地多功能性的城区热点环抱特征更为明显并形成了都市近郊乡村旅游生活圈。(2)临安区农村居民点用地的主导结构与主导功能以弱匹配为主,其中结构滞后于功能型占比最高。从空间梯度分布来看,主导结构与功能的匹配性在城乡梯度上表现为中等距离中、强匹配集聚,而邻近或远离城市的区域以弱匹配为主的影响格局;地形梯度上则呈现低海拔、缓坡地带以中匹配为主,高海拔、陡坡区域弱匹配主导的特征。在多样性方面,结构多样性与用地多功能性的适配度存在“较适配>相对适配>不适配>高度适配>极不适配”的规律,且在空间上呈现“中心腹地-边缘地带”的核心极化格局。梯度分析结果表明,适配度随地形梯度等级的提高呈现“慢-快-慢”的下降模式,而随城乡梯度的上升呈波动变化,影响模式更为复杂,反映出大都市郊区村庄发展的特殊性。(3)耦合机理分析表明,不同因子对适配度的影响存在明显的非线性效应。土地利用强度的影响程度最大,在15%左右时促进作用最明显,超过阈值后则逐渐下降;GDP和城乡交通物流通达度的影响程度次之,均与适配度呈现正相关趋势。高程和坡度平均影响程度相对较低且与适配度负相关,但在海拔0-250米和坡度0-15°区间内表现为正向促进,体现了地形对村民生产生活的约束作用。到杭州主城区的距离和到区政府的距离均表现出明显负向驱动作用,分别在100公里和60公里处出现影响拐点,反映出大都市辐射效应的空间衰减规律以及区域多中心格局的复合影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rural settlements,as the core carriers of population settlement and social and economic activities in vast rural areas,are essentially a complex system composed of multiple elements.Among them,the land use structure and function are two closely integrated and interdependent aspects,and there exists a complex coupling relationship between them.Exploring the intrinsic connection between land use structure and function and promoting their coordinated development is the core issue for achieving the sound operation of the rural residential area system.The metropolitan suburbs,as the transitional zone connecting cities and rural areas,hold an important strategic position in promoting urban-rural integration and rural revitalization.However,the rapid development of the metropolitan suburbs has led to problems such as hollowing out of rural residential land use,which are mismatched in land use structure and function,restricting the coordination and sustainable development of people and land in rural areas.At present,the research on the land use structure and function of rural residential areas is mostly limited to the independent exploration of structural characteristics or functional attributes,and mainly focus on the theoretical level,lacking quantitative research and mechanism analysis of the coupling relationship between them.Therefore,according to the idea of"theoretical analysis-quantitative measurement-coupling analysis-mechanism research-countermeasures and suggestions",under the guidance of theories such as rural regional system theory and system coupling theory,this study took Lin’an district of Hangzhou as an example,synthetically used multi-source data such as land use data and village survey data,multi-dimensional gradient partition method,diversity measure model,interpretable machine learning model and other methods to carry out the research.This study constructed an analysis framework for the coupling of rural residential land structure and function from the perspective of"domination-diversity",identified the dominant structure and function types of rural residential land,evaluated the development level of their structural and functional diversity,analyzed the coupling relationship and spatial differentiation characteristics between them,and revealed the internal mechanism of the coupling between rural residential land structure and function,aiming to provide practical references for the refined configuration and governance of rural residential areas in the metropolitan suburbs in the new era.The key findings of the study were as follows:(1)Lin’an district had 9 dominant types of rural residential land structures,with the dual-dominant structure of residential living-public services being the most prevalent type.From urban-rural transitional zones to rural hinterlands,the structural types shifted from diverse to homogeneous.There were 11 dominant functional types,exhibiting strong multi-functional composite utilization characteristics and a spatially mosaic distribution pattern.In terms of diversity,structural diversity was primarily at a moderate level,while land-use multifunctionality tended to be relatively low.Both followed a radiation-declining pattern from the east-west axis toward the north-south sides.However,their specific differentiation patterns differed,structural diversity demonstrated more pronounced axis-aligned distribution characteristics,whereas land-use multifunctionality displayed clearer hotspot encirclement around urban areas and formed the rural tourism life circle in the suburbs of the city.(2)The dominant structure-function relationship in Lin’an district was primarily weak matching,with structure lagging behind function being the most prevalent type.Spatially,the urban-rural gradient showed a pattern where medium-distance zones concentrated moderate-to-strong matches,while adjacent or distant areas were dominated by weak matches.The terrain gradient displayed low altitude zones with mainly moderate matches and high altitude zones with predominantly weak matches.Regarding diversity,the structure-function adaptability followed this hierarchy:relatively compatible>moderately compatible>incompatible>highly compatible>extremely incompatible,forming a core-periphery polarization pattern spatially.Gradient analysis revealed that adaptability decreased along the terrain gradient in a"slow-fast-slow"manner,but fluctuated changed with increasing urban-rural distance,showing complex influencing patterns.These findings highlighted the unique development traits of villages in metropolitan suburbs.(3)Coupling mechanism analysis showed that there were obvious nonlinear effects of different factors on coupling fitness.The relative importance of land use intensity was the highest and there was a threshold effect.The promotion effect was the most significant when the land use intensity was about 15%,and it gradually decreased after the threshold value was exceeded.The relative importance of GDP and urban and rural transportation logistics accessibility was second,and both showed a positive correlation trend with the fit degree.The average contribution degree of elevation and slope was relatively low and negatively correlated,but in the range of 0-250 m altitude and 0-15°slope,it presented a positive promotion,reflecting the constraint effect of terrain on villagers’production and life.The distance to the main urban area of Hangzhou and the distance to the district government both showed significant negative effects,and the inflection point appeared at 100 km and 60 km,respectively,reflecting the spatial attenuation law of the metropolitan radiation effect and the compound influence of the regional polycenter pattern.更多还原