【作者】 张国栋；

【导师】 王晓远； 魏建忠；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 能源动力， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 随着全球智能制造领域的快速发展,我国工业自动化与智能化的发展也进入到快车道,因此对于工业生产设备的高效率和高稳定性提出了更加严苛的要求,而电机作为一种最基本的工业单元,其性能的提升更是应有之义。轴向磁通永磁同步电机(axial flux permanent magnet synchronous machine,AFPMSM)具有结构紧凑、功率密度大和运行效率高等优点,尤其适用于一些空间结构狭窄、运行稳定性要求高的场合。本文以定子无磁轭模块化轴向磁通永磁同步电机(yokeless and segment armature axial flux permanent magnet machine,YASA)为研究对象,首先从电机结构演变角度介绍了轴向磁通电机的研究现状,针对YASA电机齿槽转矩问题,对现有AFPMSM齿槽转矩削弱方法进行了归纳总结,进而给出本文所研究的主要内容。首先,从电机结构出发介绍轴向磁通电机的分类,分析不同结构的AFPMSM工作原理与磁路特点。根据电机性能参数要求进行电磁方案设计,确定电机各部件材料选取及YASA电机初始设计参数。其次,在YASA电机磁场解析计算及性能分析方面,提出一种分环处理方式,即将电机三维模型等效为二维模型叠加。基于保角变换法及复数气隙磁导率,建立YASA电机气隙磁密、空载反电势、电磁转矩及齿槽转矩的解析计算模型,同时采用有限元法(finite element analysis,FEA)对解析模型的有效性进行验证。基于解析模型,分析计算90°Halbach永磁体阵列主辅磁极比例对YASA电机齿槽转矩的影响规律。结果表明,随着90°Halbach永磁体阵列辅助磁极角度增加,电机齿槽转矩呈现明显的变化规律,且依据相应原则采用合理的主辅磁极比例,可有效降低YASA电机齿槽转矩及转矩脉动,同时提高输出转矩。再者,基于传统Halbach永磁体阵列结构的研究,以YASA电机齿槽转矩为优化目标提出一种分层组合式Halbach永磁体阵列结构,重点分析分层组合式Halbach永磁体阵列削弱齿槽转矩的作用机理及组合规律。本文所提出的分层组合式Halbach永磁体阵列结构是在传统Halbach永磁体阵列结构上的改进,可在不牺牲电机电磁转矩的前提下有效削弱齿槽转矩,提高转矩输出性能,为此类电机转矩性能的改善提供了一种新思路。最后,本文对YASA样机的加工制造及装配过程进行详细介绍,并搭建了样机实验平台。通过测量YASA样机空载反电势、齿槽转矩等主要性能参数,验证了分层组合式Halbach永磁体阵列在YASA电机应用中的可行性。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of the global intelligent manufacturing industry,China’s industrial automation and intelligence have also entered the fast lane.Therefore,more stringent requirements are put forward for the high accuracy and high reliability of industrial production equipment.As a basic industrial unit,the improvement of the performance of the motor is more essential.As a new type of special machine with topological structure,axial flux permanent magnet synchronous machine(AFPMSM)has the advantages of compact structure,high power density and high operating efficiency and so on.They are especially suitable for applications where space is limited and high reliability is required.In this paper,the yokeless and segmented armature(YASA)axial flux permanent magnet machine is taken as the research object.The research status of axial flux machine is introduced from the perspective of machine structure evolution.The existing methods for reducing cogging torque in AFPMSMs are summarized to address the cogging torque issue in the YASA.Then,the main content of this paper is presented.Firstly,the classification of axial flux permanent magnet machine is introduced from the perspective of structure.The working principle and magnetic circuit characteristics of AFPMSM with various structures are analyzed.Conduct electromagnetic scheme design according to the requirements of performance parameters for machine,and determine the material selection of each component and the initial design parameters of YASA machine studied in this paper.Secondly,in the magnetic field calculation and performance analysis of YASA,a ring division method in this paper is adopted to equivalently transform the three-dimensional model of the machine into a two-dimensional model.Based on the conformal transformation method and the complex air-gap permeability function,the analytical calculation model for the air-gap flux density,no-load back EMF,electromagnetic torque and cogging torque of the YASA machine is established,and the validity of the analytical model is verified by finite element analysis(FEA).Based on the analytical model,the influence of the main-to-secondary pole ratio of the 90°Halbach permanent magnet array on the cogging torque of YASA machine is analyzed and calculated.The results show that the cogging torque changes obviously with the increase of the auxiliary pole angle of the 90°Halbach permanent magnet array.By adopting a reasonable main-to-secondary pole ration based on the corresponding principles,the cogging torque and torque ripple of the YASA machine can be greatly reduced,while the output torque is improved.Furthermore,based on the research of traditional Halbach permanent magnet array structure,a hierarchical combined Halbach permanent magnet array structure is proposed to optimize the cogging torque of YASA machine.The action mechanism and combination law of the hierarchical combined Halbach permanent magnet array to weaken the cogging torque are emphatically analyzed.The hierarchical combined Halbach permanent magnet array structure proposed in this paper is an improvement on the traditional structure,which can significantly reduce the cogging torque and improve the torque output performance without sacrificing the electromagnetic torque of the machine.This structure provides a new approach for improving the torque performance of such machines.Finally,this paper introduces the manufacturing and assembly process of YASA prototype in detail,and establishes an experiment platform for the prototype.By measuring the main performance parameters such as no-load back EMF and cogging torque of the YASA prototype,the feasibility of the layered and combined Halbach permanent magnet array in the application of YASA machine is verified.更多还原