【作者】 王政；

【导师】 王富民； 张旭斌； 董建国；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 工程硕士（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 由于理论比容量高、价态丰富、来源广泛等优势,过渡金属化合物成为目前广泛研究的超级电容器电极材料。然而,离子扩散动力学缓慢、活性位点少等问题致使过渡金属基电极的实际比电容量较低。基于此,本论文利用元素掺杂策略调节过渡金属基电极及其超级电容器性能,具体研究内容如下:（1）制备Ni掺杂的1T-MoS₂电极。首先利用一步水热法合成了纯相、不同过渡金属元素掺杂、最佳Ni掺杂量的1T-MoS₂电极材料。由于Mo和Ni的半径相似,Ni进入1T-MoS₂晶体结构中取代Mo形成掺杂结构。在整个掺杂过程中,最佳Ni掺杂使得1T-MoS₂具有高比表面积(160.44 m²·g^-1)、高浸润性（接触角θ=0）、大量介孔、丰富价态、高活性比表面积(0.5102 F·cm^-2)等特点。电化学测试显示,1 A·g^-1下最佳Ni掺杂使得1T-MoS₂电极的质量比电容由776.0 F·g^-1增加至2461.2 F·g^-1,并且在10 A·g^-1的大电流密度下循环充放电1000次后仍然能表现出85.67%的电容保持率。（2）制备N掺杂的N-ZnO/ZnS-C电极。以ZIF-8作为前驱体,利用高温煅烧碳化法和化学还原法合成了多级N掺杂N-ZnO/ZnS-C电极材料。高温活化产生石墨化碳,提高电极的导电性,氮掺杂和多级孔结构暴露更多活性位点,化学还原法利用ZIF-8中的金属源,与掺杂的N共同提供额外的赝电容。在1A·g^-1下N掺杂N-ZnO/ZnS-C电极的质量比电容为1051.0 F·g^-1。（3）以Ni掺杂的1T-MoS₂电极为正极、N掺杂的N-ZnO/ZnS-C电极为负极组装混合型超级电容器储能装置,其工作电压窗口可达1.4 V。在700W·kg^-1的功率密度下,储能装置展现出65.96 Wh·kg^-1的能量密度,甚至在6300 W·kg^-1的功率密度下,其能量密度仍保持为59.11 Wh·kg^-1,显示出出色的储能潜力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Transition metal compounds have been widely studied as supercapacitor electrodes materials due to their high theoretical specific electric capacity and valence abundance.Nevertheless,transition metal compounds still exhibit slow ion diffusion kinetics and fewer active sites,resulting in lower actual specific capacities of transition metal-based electrodes.On this basis,this paper is devoted to regulating the performance of transition metal-based electrodes and their supercapacitors by using elemental doping strategies.The specific research contents are as follows:（1）Preparation of Ni-doped 1T-MoS₂ electrodes.The 1T-MoS₂ electrode materials without doping,different transition metal elements doping,and optimal Ni doping have been synthesized firstly through one-step hydrothermal method.Due to the similar radius of Moand Ni,Ni enters the 1T-MoS₂ crystal structure to replace Moto form the doped structure.Throughout the doping process,the optimal Ni doping enables 1T-MoS₂ to have high specific surface area(160.44 m²·g^-1),high wettability（contact angleθ=0）,a large number of mesopores,abundant valence states,and high active specific surface area(0.5102 F·cm^-2).The electrochemical test results show that the optimal Ni doping increases the mass specific capacitance of 1T-MoS₂ electrode from 776.0 F·g^-1 to 2461.2 F·g^-1 at a current density of 1 A·g^-1,and the cyclic charging at a high current density of 10 A·g^-1 still exhibits 85.67%capacitance retention after 1000 cycles of charge and discharge.（2）Preparation of N-doped N-ZnO/ZnS-C electrodes.Multi-stage N-doped N-ZnO/ZnS-C electrode materials have been synthesized by high-temperature calcination carbonization and chemical reduction method using ZIF-8 as the precursor.High-temperature activation produces graphitized carbon to enhance electrode conductivity,N-doped and multistage pore structure to expose more active sites,and the post-sulfuration method utilizes the metal source in ZIF-8 to provide additional pseudo-capacitance together with the N-doped.Electrochemical test results show that the mass specific capacitance of the N-doped N-ZnO/ZnS-C electrode is 1051.0 F·g^-1 at a current density of 1 A·g^-1.（3）A hybrid supercapacitor energy storage device has been assembled with a Ni-doped 1T-MoS₂ electrode as the positive electrode and an N-doped N-ZnO/ZnS-C electrode as the negative electrode.The operating voltage window can be extended to 1.4 V.At a power density of 700 W·kg^-1,the energy storage device exhibits an energy density of 65.96 Wh·kg^-1,and even at a power density of 6300W·kg^-1,its energy density remains at 59.11 Wh·kg^-1,showing excellent energy storage potential.更多还原