【作者】 赵宇；

【导师】 孙聪； 夏林生；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工程大学 ， 土木水利（专业学位）， 2025， 硕士

【摘要】 随着声呐等探测技术的飞速发展,潜艇等水下装备的隐身性成为决定其生命力和打击力的关键因素。传统的螺旋桨推进器在高速运转时易产生空泡溃灭噪声和桨叶旋转噪声,其低频线谱和宽带谱噪声极易被敌方声呐系统捕捉,导致潜艇暴露风险显著增加。因此,一种全新的低噪声推进器—泵喷推进器(Pump-jet propulsor)随之产生。泵喷推进器具有推进效率高、辐射噪声低、空化性能好等优点,是目前水下航行器和水中兵器优选的推进方式,能显著提高水下装备的隐蔽性和机动性。然而随着高精尖水下武器装备的作战性能需求不断提升,常规泵喷推进器已无法满足水下武器装备声隐身性的更高要求,因此实现更低的泵喷噪声水平是未来研究的重要方向。近些年来,基于仿生学原理的沟槽微结构减阻降噪技术已经在许多领域得到了深入研究和广泛应用,因此,本文借鉴沟槽微结构的减阻降噪优势,将沟槽微结构布置在泵喷推进器压力面上,同时基于计算流体力学方法对其水动力和噪声性能进行数值模拟,开展了对原型和沟槽微结构泵喷的敞水下水动力性能、流场特性及噪声性能分析,对比分析了六种变参数沟槽微结构对泵喷推进器水动力及噪声性能的影响。首先,介绍了论文的研究背景及意义,总结了国内外对沟槽微结构在水下装备减阻降噪方面的应用和泵喷推进器水动力及噪声性能的研究现状。介绍了计算流体力学的基本原理、数值计算方法和数值模型;声学计算FW-H方程的原理及推导。另外,详细介绍了带沟槽微结构的泵喷推进器的快速参数化建模方法,为后续数值计算提供模型。其次,基于光滑翼型模型提出了三种带不同形状沟槽微结构的翼型,布置在翼型的压力面上,然后基于分离涡模拟(DES)方法开展不同形状沟槽微结构对翼型水动力性能的影响研究。结果表明,沟槽微结构的存在会降低翼型的阻力系数,且V形沟槽微结构减阻效果最好,因此后续将V形沟槽微结构布置在泵喷推进器的转子上,继续探究其减阻降噪效果。再者,基于原型泵喷将V形沟槽微结构布置在转子压力面上,提出了六型带沟槽微结构的泵喷推进器,同时开展对其水动力性能和流场特性的研究。结果表明,带周向排列沟槽微结构的泵喷推进器只在最佳效率点对泵喷推进器的水动力性能有提升,且沟槽微结构排列在叶中时,效率提升最大;带流线排列沟槽微结构的泵喷推进器在全进速下效率都有提升,但沟槽微结构的数量并不是越多越好。最后,基于FW-H声学方程对原型和六型带沟槽微结构的泵喷的噪声性能展开了研究。结果表明,带周向排列沟槽微结构的泵喷推进器没有明显的降噪效果,而带流线排列沟槽微结构的泵喷推进器在轴向平面有降噪效果,且近场范围内,沟槽微结构个数越少降噪效果越好,往远场发展,沟槽微结构个数越多降噪效果越好。综上所述,本文的研究结果为泵喷推进器高性能低噪声设计提供了一定理论支撑和技术支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of sonar and other detection technologies,the stealthiness of underwater equipment such as submarines has become a key factor determining their survivability and combat effectiveness.Traditional propellers generate cavitation collapse noise and blade rotation noise when operating at high speeds,and their low-frequency line spectra and broadband spectra noise are easily captured by enemy sonar systems,significantly increasing the risk of submarine exposure.Therefore,a new type of low-noise propulsor-the pump-jet propulsor-has emerged.The pump-jet propulsor has the advantages of high propulsion efficiency,low radiated noise,and good cavitation performance.It is currently the preferred propulsion method for underwater vehicles and underwater weapons,significantly enhancing the stealthiness and maneuverability of underwater equipment.However,as the operational performance requirements of high-tech underwater weapons continue to increase,conventional pump-jet propulsors can no longer meet the higher requirements for acoustic stealth of underwater weapons.Therefore,achieving a lower noise level for pump-jet propulsors is an important research direction in the future.In recent years,the drag reduction and noise reduction technology based on bionic grooved microstructures has been deeply studied and widely applied in many fields.Therefore,this paper draws on the drag reduction and noise reduction advantages of grooved microstructures and arranges them on the pressure surface of the pump-jet propulsor.At the same time,the hydrodynamic and noise performance of the pump-jet propulsor is numerically simulated based on the computational fluid dynamics method.The open water hydrodynamic performance,flow field characteristics and noise performance of the prototype and grooved microstructure pump-jet propulsors are analyzed,and the influence of six types of variable parameter grooved microstructures on the hydrodynamic and noise performance of the pump-jet propulsor is compared and analyzed.Firstly,the research background and significance of the paper are introduced,and the application of grooved microstructures in drag reduction and noise reduction of underwater equipment and the research status of the hydrodynamic and noise performance of pump-jet propulsors at home and abroad are summarized.The basic principles,numerical calculation methods and numerical models of computational fluid dynamics are introduced;the principle and derivation of the FW-H equation for acoustic calculation are also presented.In addition,the rapid parametric modeling method of the pump-jet propulsor with grooved microstructures is detailed,providing a model for subsequent numerical calculations.Secondly,based on the smooth airfoil model,three types of airfoils with different shapes of grooved microstructures are proposed and arranged on the pressure surface of the airfoil.Then,the influence of different shapes of grooved microstructures on the hydrodynamic performance of the airfoil is studied based on the Detached Eddy Simulation(DES)method.The results show that the existence of grooved microstructures reduces the drag coefficient of the airfoil,and the V-shaped grooved microstructure has the best drag reduction effect.Therefore,the V-shaped grooved microstructure is arranged on the rotor of the pump-jet propulsor in the subsequent study to continue exploring its drag reduction and noise reduction effect.Furthermore,based on the prototype pump-jet propulsor,the V-shaped grooved microstructure is arranged on the pressure surface of the rotor,and six types of pump-jet propulsors with grooved microstructures are proposed.At the same time,the hydrodynamic performance and flow field characteristics of these pump-jet propulsors are studied.The results show that the pump-jet propulsor with circumferential arrangement of grooved microstructures only improves the hydrodynamic performance of the pump-jet propulsor at the best efficiency point,and when the grooved microstructures are arranged in the middle of the blade,the efficiency improvement is the greatest.The pump-jet propulsor with streamline arrangement of grooved microstructures has improved efficiency at all speeds,but the number of grooved microstructures is not necessarily the more the better.Finally,based on the FW-H acoustic equation,the noise performance of the prototype and six types of pump-jet propulsors with grooved microstructures is studied.The results show that the pump-jet propulsor with circumferential arrangement of grooved microstructures has no obvious noise reduction effect,while the pump-jet propulsor with streamline arrangement of grooved microstructures has a significant noise reduction effect in the axial plane.In the near field,the fewer the number of grooved microstructures,the better the noise reduction effect.As the distance increases,the more grooved microstructures,the better the noise reduction effect.In conclusion,the research results of this paper provide certain theoretical support and technical support for the high-performance and low-noise design of pump-jet propulsors.更多还原