【作者】 江林；

【导师】 李聃； 王春芳；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工程大学 ， 材料与化工（专业学位）， 2025， 硕士

【摘要】 无线电能传输(Wireless Power Transfer,WPT)技术因其便捷性和高效性在许多智能化领域得到广泛应用。然而,充电过程中金属异物的存在会扰乱系统磁场分布,降低传输效率,甚至引发安全隐患。因此,开展高灵敏度和高可靠性的金属异物检测技术研究对于保障无线充电系统的安全性至关重要。为此,本文围绕无线充电系统的金属异物检测需求,开展了基于Q值检测法与线圈阵列法的理论分析、结构优化和实验研究,并创新地提出一种基于Q值检测与阵列检测法的复合金属异物检测策略,以提升检测灵敏度与检测范围。首先,通过理论建模和公式分析了金属异物对于线圈参数的影响。由于涡流效应和磁效应的存在,金属异物会使无线充电耦合线圈的等效电感和等效电阻发生变化,从而使线圈Q值发生了变化。并且通过电路仿真验证了Q值检测法的合理性。通过理论建模和公式分析了线圈阵列法的工作原理,推导了Q值检测与阵列检测法的复合金属异物检测策略的优越性。其次,针对线圈阵列法,以提高对金属异物的检测灵敏度和减小检测盲区为目标,利用电磁场仿真优化了阵列线圈的形状、尺寸、匝数及连接方式。仿真与实验表明,采用反接方式的方形线圈能够提升磁场分布均匀性和检测效果。选取钥匙、硬币和回形针作为金属异物进行实验,对检测方法的性能进行了系统测试,通过实验验证,在0 mm、2 mm、5 mm高度位置,硬币的检测范围分别提升13%和67%,钥匙提升15%,回形针提升30%和20%。结果表明该方法在中心位置的检测效果优于边缘位置,在线圈表面位置的检测效果优于上空位置。对硬币和钥匙的检测效果较好,对回形针的检测效果相对较差。最后,提出Q值检测法与线圈阵列法的组合检测策略,实验结果显示该方案在检测高度和检测范围上均优于单一方法,可将硬币的检测高度提升至15 mm以上,钥匙、硬币和回形针的检测灵敏度分别达到100%、100%和30%。综上所述,本文构建了三种金属异物检测方法体系,通过理论分析与实验验证实现了检测能力的提升,为无线充电技术的安全可靠运行提供了有效支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wireless Power Transfer(WPT)technology has been widely applied in various intelligent systems due to its convenience and efficiency.However,the presence of metallic foreign objects during the charging process can disrupt the magnetic field distribution,reduce transmission efficiency,and even pose safety hazards.Therefore,developing high-sensitivity and high-reliability metal foreign object detection(FOD)techniques is crucial to ensuring the safety of wireless charging systems.In this study,focusing on the FOD requirements in WPT systems,we conduct theoretical analysis,structural optimization,and experimental research based on the Q-factor detection method and coil array method.Moreover,a novel hybrid detection strategy combining Q-factor and array-based detection is proposed to enhance detection sensitivity and range.Firstly,the influence of metallic foreign objects on coil parameters is analyzed through theoretical modeling and formula derivation.Due to the presence of eddy current and magnetic effects,metallic objects alter the equivalent inductance and resistance of the coupled coils in the WPT system,leading to a change in the coil’s Q-factor.Circuit simulations are conducted to verify the feasibility of the Q-factor detection method.The operating principle of the coil array method is also theoretically modeled and analyzed.The superiority of the hybrid detection strategy combining Q-factor and array detection is mathematically derived.Secondly,aiming to improve sensitivity and reduce blind spots in the coil array method,electromagnetic field simulations are used to optimize the shape,size,number of turns,and connection mode of the array coils.Both simulation and experimental results show that square coils connected in reverse polarity can improve the uniformity of the magnetic field distribution and enhance detection performance.Keys,coins,and paperclips are selected as typical metallic foreign objects for experimental evaluation.The test results show that,at object heights of 0mm,2 mm,and 5 mm,the coin detection range increases by 13%and 67%,respectively;key detection range increases by 15%;and paperclip detection range increases by 30%and 20%.The results demonstrate that detection performance is better at the center of the coil than at the edges,and better at the coil surface than at elevated positions.The method performs well in detecting coins and keys,but shows relatively lower sensitivity for paperclips.Finally,a composite detection strategy combining Q-factor and coil array methods is proposed.Experimental results indicate that this approach outperforms individual methods in both detection height and range,achieving a coin detection height of over 15 mm,and detection sensitivities of 100%,100%,and 30%for keys,coins,and paperclips,respectively.In conclusion,this work establishes a three-method detection framework for metallic foreign objects.Through theoretical analysis and experimental validation,the detection capabilities are significantly enhanced,providing effective support for the safe and reliable operation of wireless power transfer systems.更多还原