【作者】 孙栋；

【导师】 曾明生； 詹兆园；

【作者基本信息】 华东交通大学 ， 刑法学， 2025， 硕士

【摘要】 刑法具有两大机能性目的:社会保护与人权保障。社会保护目的的出发点是维护社会秩序和社会整体利益,确保社会结构的稳定。这通常要通过惩治犯罪、预防犯罪以及恢复社会秩序来实现。人权保障目的的出发点是保护公民个人的自由和权利,确保基本人权不受侵犯。这一目的要求刑法在打击犯罪的同时,必须严格遵守法律程序,确保公民的合法权益得到保障。两者之间的关系,与机能的生成基础和发展过程密切相关,在演绎和发展的过程中势必会存在冲突。两个机能性目的之间的优先序列关系,在学界存在着争议,争议的焦点在于社会保护与人权保障处于何种序列关系。本文以实证研究为基础,通过借助刑事裁判文书以及历年来十大案例和国外典型刑事案例,从中遴选100个典型刑事大案进行对比分析,试图揭示刑法社会保护与人权保障(机能性目的)在实践中平衡的规律。关于刑法机能性目的关系模式,法学界存在“社会保护优先模式”“人权保障优先模式”“动态平衡模式”之争。本文首先根据实证案件情况对这些理论进行检验,发现在某一时期,其具有一定的合理性,但现阶段均不太适合我国国情;其次,通过样本数据分析发现,当前我国司法实践中存在一些问题,如总体平衡的尺度把握比较模糊、失衡中的尺度限制需要加强、何者优先的序位限制与尺度限制等。导致这些问题产生的原因繁杂多样,包括主客观两方面。鉴于此,本文提出若干改进建议,以强化社会保护与人权保障的平衡。首先,我们应当坚持总体上社会保护与人权保障并重的立场,单纯的社会保护优先或者人权保障优先都不利于刑事法治文明的发展与进步。但实践中两个机能性目的不可能永远和谐。当其发生冲突时,应当坚持人权保障一般优先,即人权保障通常情况下应当优先于社会保护,但是特殊情况下广大公众的利益甚至代表公众利益的国家利益受到极其严重的威胁之时,人权保障也应当让位于社会保护。此种举措有助于革新刑法观念,增强刑事立法与司法活动的理性自觉,增强立法科学化与刑事司法的公正,充分发挥刑法在现代法治国家中的重要作用,响应新形势下的治理需求。更多还原

【Abstract】 Criminal law has two main functional purposes:social protection and human rights protection.The starting point of social protection is to maintain social order and overall social interests,and ensure the stability of social structure.This is usually achieved through punishing crime,preventing crime,and restoring social order.The starting point of human rights protection is to protect the individual freedoms and rights of citizens and ensure that basic human rights are not violated.This purpose requires that criminal law must strictly adhere to legal procedures while combating crime,ensuring that the legitimate rights and interests of citizens are protected.The relationship between the two is closely related to the basis and development process of their functions,and there will inevitably be conflicts in the process of deduction and development.Therefore,there is controversy in the academic community regarding the priority sequence relationship between two functional purposes.The focus of controversy lies in the sequence of social protection and human rights protection.This article is based on empirical research,using criminal judgment documents,as well as the top ten cases of each year and typical criminal cases abroad over the years,to select 100typical cases for comparative analysis of judicial issues,attempting to reveal the balance between criminal law social protection and human rights protection(functional purpose)in practice.There is a debate in the legal community regarding the functional purpose relationship model of criminal law,including the"social protection priority model","human rights protection priority model",and"dynamic balance model".This article first tests these theories based on empirical case situations and finds that they had certain rationality during a certain period,but at present,they are not very suitable for China’s national conditions;Secondly,through sample data analysis,it was found that there are some problems in the current judicial practice in China,such as the vague grasp of the scale of overall balance,the need to strengthen the scale restrictions in imbalance,and the priority of ranking and scale restrictions.The reasons for these problems are complex and diverse,including both subjective and objective aspects.In view of this,this article proposes the following improvement suggestions to strengthen the balance between social protection and human rights protection.Firstly,we should adhere to the overall position of placing equal emphasis on social protection and human rights protection.Simply prioritizing social protection or human rights protection is not conducive to the development and progress of criminal legal civilization.However,in practice,the two functional purposes cannot always be harmonious.When they conflict,human rights protection should generally take priority,that is,human rights protection should usually take precedence over social protection.However,in special circumstances where the interests of the general public or even the national interests representing public interests are extremely seriously threatened,human rights protection should also give way to social protection.This measure helps to reform the concept of criminal law,enhance the rational consciousness of criminal legislation and judicial activities,strengthen the scientific nature of legislation and the fairness of criminal justice,fully play the important role of criminal law in modern rule of law countries,and respond to the governance needs under the new situation.更多还原