【作者】 王静；

【导师】 王萍；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 马克思主义基本原理， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 民族观作为人们对民族和民族问题的总的认识和根本看法,它是世界观在民族问题上的反映。民族观一方面表现为人们对民族和民族问题的基本观点,另一方面又反映在人们处理民族关系和解决民族问题的政策和方法上。马克思运用辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的方法,在批判地汲取资产阶级思想家提出的民族平等的合理内核并对其进行科学改造的基础上,详细考察了民族这一社会历史现象的产生、发展和消亡的基本规律,提出了对民族和民族问题的见解,并制定了无产阶级处理民族关系和解决民族问题的基本政策和策略,从而形成了无产阶级的民族观。因此,重新梳理马克思民族观的形成及内容,并结合民族发展实际阐释其当代价值,对于铸牢中华民族共同体意识,推进新时代党的民族工作高质量发展具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。本文共包含四个部分。第一部分为导论,该部分旨在为研究马克思民族观的内容奠定基础。通过对国内外相关学者的理论进行深入分析和总结,从宏观视角阐述马克思民族观的研究目的及其重要性。同时,系统地梳理本文研究的主要内容,概括马克思民族观的形成基础、核心内容及其理论价值,以期为我国民族治理提供有益的理论借鉴。第二部分聚焦于马克思民族观的形成。该部分从资本主义经济发展、民族压迫和民族革命三个历史发展现实的角度,深入探讨马克思民族观形成的社会背景。随着资本主义社会生产力的不断提高,无产阶级同资产阶级之间的矛盾日益尖锐,被压迫民族为争取独立和解放的运动也愈发高涨。马克思民族观正是在这样的历史背景下得以丰富和发展。此外,该部分还深入分析马克思民族观形成的理论来源,即其在批判继承英法空想社会主义、法国启蒙运动以及德国古典哲学的民族思想的基础上形成的。第三部分详细梳理马克思民族观的内容。从民族与民族问题、民族关系、民族发展、民族与民族国家四个方面,结合马克思的理论文本,总结归纳出马克思民族观的核心内容及理论特点。马克思民族观作为无产阶级的民族观,始终站在人民的立场,具有人民性的特点;其坚持生产力是民族发展的动力源泉,与社会发展的进步紧密相连,具有与时俱进的实践性特征;它不仅适用于一国民族还适用于全世界各民族的发展,具有普适性和国际性特征,而且通过实践证明了其合理性。最后一部分在深入研究马克思民族观的基础上,探讨其现实意义,特别是对我国这样的多民族国家的启示。马克思民族观为中国特色社会主义民族理论提供了科学依据,并有助于推动中华民族共同体意识的构建。同时,它对世界各民族的和谐发展具有深远意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The national outlook,as people’s general understanding and fundamental view of the nation and the national question,is a reflection of the world outlook on the national question.On the one hand,the national outlook is expressed in people’s fundamental views on the nation and the national question,and on the other hand,it is reflected in their policies and methods of dealing with national relations and solving the national question.Using the methods of dialectical materialism and historical materialism,Marx,on the basis of critically drawing on the reasonable kernel of equality of nationalities put forward by bourgeois ideologues and scientifically transforming it,examined in detail the basic laws governing the emergence,development and demise of the nation as a socio-historical phenomenon,put forward his insights into nationalities and the national question,and formulated the basic proletarian policies and strategies for dealing with national relations and solving the national question,thus forming the proletarian outlook on nationalities and the national question.policies and strategies,thus forming the proletariat’s view of the nation.Therefore,reorganizing the formation and content of Marx’s view of the nation and explaining its contemporary value in the light of the actual development of the nation are of great theoretical value and practical significance for forging a firm sense of community among the Chinese nation and advancing the high-quality development of the Party’s work on the nation in the new era.This paper contains four parts.The first part is the introduction,which aims to lay the foundation for the study of the content of Marx’s view of the nation.Through in-depth analysis and summarization of the theories of relevant scholars at home and abroad,the purpose of the study of Marx’s view of the nation and its importance are elaborated from a macroscopic perspective.At the same time,the main contents of this paper’s research are systematically sorted out to summarize the foundation of the formation of Marx’s view of the nation,its core content and its theoretical value,with a view to providing useful theoretical reference for China’s ethnic governance.The second part focuses on the formation of Marx’s view of the nation.This part explores in depth the social background of the formation of Marx’s view of the nation from the perspectives of three historical development realities:capitalist economic development,national oppression and national revolution.As the productive forces of capitalist society continue to rise,the contradiction between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie becomes increasingly acute,and the movement of the oppressed nationalities for independence and liberation also rises higher and higher.It is against this historical background that Marx’s view of the nation is enriched and developed.In addition,this part also analyzes in depth the theoretical source of the formation of Marx’s conception of the nation,that is,it was formed on the basis of his critical inheritance of the national ideas of British and French Idealistic Socialism,the French Enlightenment,and the German classical philosophy.The third part comprehends in detail the content of Marx’s view of the nation.From the four aspects of the nation and the national question,national relations,national development,and the nation and the national state,combined with Marx’s theoretical texts,the core content and theoretical characteristics of Marx’s view of the nation are summarized.As the proletariat’s view of the nation,Marx’s view of the nation always stands on the position of the people and is characterized by its popularity;its insistence that the productive forces are the source of power for the development of the nation is closely connected with the progress of social development and is characterized by its practicality in keeping pace with the times;and it applies not only to the nation of one country but also to the development of all the nations in the world,with the characteristics of universality and universality and internationalization,and its reasonableness has been proved through practice.The last part,on the basis of an in-depth study of Marx’s view of the nation,explores its practical significance,especially its revelation to a multi-ethnic country like China.Marx’s view of the nation provides a scientific basis for the theory of socialist nation with Chinese characteristics and helps to promote the construction of the sense of community of the Chinese nation.At the same time,it has far-reaching significance for the harmonious development of the peoples of the world.更多还原