【作者】 赵鹏；

【导师】 熊新红； 谭伟；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 机械工程（专业学位）， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 城市道路建设发展迅猛导致排水系统越来越复杂,老旧的地下管网设施未能得到及时地更新换代,真空吸污车已成为现代城市地下管网维护中不可或缺的环卫设备之一。旋风分离器和吸污管道作为真空吸污车管路系统中的核心部件,对真空吸污车的工作性能与使用寿命有着决定性的影响,因此本文针对其内部流场特性与结构设计展开了研究。（1）围绕真空吸污车整体结构与管路系统的组成进行介绍,分析了管路系统的工作原理以及性能指标。研究了管路系统中流体的流动特性以及两相介质参数,通过理论公式计算出了真空抽气管路以及吸污管路中的流体流动状态,并对两相流体中颗粒相受力、临界流速等特性进行了分析。选取DPM模型作为两相流模型,RSM模型以及RNGκ-ε模型作为湍流模型。（2）对真空吸污车抽气管路中的旋风分离器展开研究,介绍了旋风分离器的结构参数和工作性能指标,分析了初始结构下旋风分离器的内部流场。研究了旋风分离器筒体直径D、直筒高度₁H以及排气管插入深度s对旋风分离器压力降与分离效率的影响规律,总结出了各参数的合理设计范围。分析了减压孔对旋风分离器工作性能的影响。（3）对真空吸污车管路系统中的吸污管路展开研究,介绍了吸污管路的结构参数和工作性能指标,分析了初始结构下吸污管道的内部流场以及吸污管道受到污水颗粒冲蚀磨损情况。研究了流体参数对吸污管道最大冲蚀速率的影响规律,同时研究了弯管角度α、过渡段金属管道长度₂L与管道直径d对吸污管道压力降与最大冲蚀磨损速率的影响规律,总结出了各参数的合理设计范围。（4）基于响应面法与白鲨优化算法（WSO）对旋风分离器和吸污管道的结构参数寻优设计。构建了设计变量与优化目标之间的响应面模型,并检验模型的显著性。利用白鲨优化算法寻优得到最佳结构参数组合,通过仿真分析验证优化设计后的管路系统性能,进行实车试验对真空吸污车的工作性能进行测试。本文针对真空吸污车管路系统结构设计所提出的流体仿真以及响应面法与白鲨优化算法相结合的方法,能为实际生产过程中真空吸污车管路系统的结构设计提供指导思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 The swift expansion of urban road construction has resulted in a complex drainage system.However,the old underground pipeline network facilities have not been upgraded and replaced in a timely manner.As a result,the vacuum sewage suction truck has become an essential piece of sanitation equipment for maintaining the modern urban underground pipeline network.The cyclone separator and suction pipe are crucial components in the piping system of a vacuum sewage suction truck.They significantly impact the truck’s working performance and service life.This thesis examines the internal flow field characteristics and structural design of vacuum sewage suction trucks.（1）The overall structure of the vacuum sewage suction truck and the composition of the piping system is introduced,and the working principle and performance index of the piping system are analyzed.The study analyzed the flow characteristics of the fluid in the piping system and the parameters of the two-phase medium.The fluid flow state in the vacuum pumping line and sewage suction line was calculated using theoretical formulas.The analysis included the characteristics of the two-phase fluid,such as the particle phase force and the critical flow rate.The two-phase flow model selected is the Discrete-phase model（DPM）,while the turbulence model employed includes the Reynolds stress model（RSM）and the RNGκ-εmodel.（2）Research was conducted on the cyclone separator in the suction line of the vacuum sewage suction truck.The study introduced the structural parameters and working performance indexes of the cyclone separator and analyzed the internal flow field of the cyclone separator under the initial structure.The study analyzed the impact of cylinder diameter D,cylinder height ₁H,and exhaust pipe insertion depth s on the pressure drop and separation efficiency of the cyclone separator.The reasonable design range for each parameter was summarized.Additionally,the analysis examined the effect of decompression holes on the cyclone’s performance.（3）The following section studies the suction pipeline in the piping system of the vacuum sewage suction truck.It introduces the structural parameters and working performance indexes of the suction pipeline,analyses the internal flow field of the suction pipeline under the initial structure,and evaluates the suction pipeline’s resistance to erosion and abrasion caused by solid particles in the sewage.The study analyzed the impact of fluid parameters on the maximum erosion rate of the suction pipeline.It also examined the effect of bend angleα,length of the transition section metal pipe ₂L,and pipe diameter d on pressure drop,maximum erosion,and wear rate of the suction pipeline.The study summarized the appropriate design range for each parameter.（4）The cyclone separator and suction pipe’s structural parameters were optimally designed using the response surface method and White Shark Optimizer（WSO）.A response surface model was constructed to show the relationship between design variables and optimization objectives,and the model’s significance was checked.The optimal combination of structural parameters is achieved through optimization using the WSO.The performance of the optimized piping system is verified through simulation analysis,and the working performance of the vacuum sewage suction truck is tested through real vehicle testing.This thesis proposes a fluid simulation and the use of the response surface method and WSO for the structural design of a vacuum sewage suction truck piping system.The aim is to provide guidance for the structural design of such systems in the actual production process.更多还原