【作者】 陈龙；

【导师】 童杏林；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 仪器科学与技术， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 氧气、氮气、氢气等气体在石油化工生产中作为设备的能源来源与反应过程中的介质贯穿于整个生产环节中。对气体压力进行实时监测可以有效地降低生产安全风险,保证气体的安全储存与有效供应。考虑到石油化工行业生产环节的复杂工况与恶劣工作环境,对高压气体压力传感器提出了更高的要求。针对高压气体压力测量的应用环境,本文提出了一种微型化、大量程的光纤光栅高压气体压力传感器,该传感器采用弹性金属膜片与光纤光栅作为压力敏感元件,可在不改动原设备结构的前提下嵌入到设备内部进行气体压力测量。本文的研究内容如下:（1）分析和比较了国内外光纤光栅压力传感技术特点,结合石油化工行业对气体压力监测的需求,提出了一种基于光纤光栅传感技术对气体压力进行实时监测的研究思路。（2）基于光纤光栅的传感特性,根据应用环境的要求研究了膜片式压力传感器的理论模型,提出了微型化、大量程的光纤光栅高压气体压力传感器的解决方案。（3）提出了一种光纤光栅高压气体压力传感器,通过对结构模型的理论计算与仿真分析,确定了传感器结构的具体参数与制备材料。对传感器的压力静态特性、加速度特性与振动特性进行了仿真分析,验证了传感器结构设计方案的可行性。最后,根据结构模型制作了尺寸小、重量轻的光纤光栅高压气体压力传感器,并搭建了传感系统。（4）研究了光纤光栅高压气体压力传感器的密封性、温度特性、压力特性与环境适应性。实验结果表明,传感器在单位时间内每立方米压力衰减仅为4.5×10^-8 Pa,具有良好的密封性;在0～50℃的温度测量范围内,温度补偿光栅和压力测量光栅的温度灵敏度为9.59 pm/℃和23.25 pm/℃,压力测量光栅在不同温度下的最大波长偏移量为6.7 pm,温度补偿效果较好;在0～50 MPa的压力测量范围内的压力测量灵敏度为36.7 pm/MPa,非线性误差为0.33%FS,重复性误差为0.58%FS,迟滞误差为0.36%FS,压力测量精度等级为1,可以满足对高压气体压力监测的需求;传感器在加速度和振动载荷作用的环境下具有较好的抗干扰能力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Oxygen,nitrogen,hydrogen and other gases in petrochemical production as the energy source of equipment and reaction process medium throughout the production chain.Real-time monitoring of gas pressure can effectively reduce production safety risks and ensure the safe storage and effective supply of gas.Considering the complex working conditions and harsh working environment in the petrochemical industry,the high-pressure gas pressure sensor has put forward higher requirements.For the harsh environment of gas pressure measurement,this paper proposes a miniaturized,large-range fiber grating high-pressure gas pressure sensor,which uses a flexible metal diaphragm and fiber grating as the pressure-sensitive element,and can be embedded into the equipment without changing the original structure of the premise of gas pressure measurement.The research content of this thesis is as follows:（1）Analyzed and compared the characteristics of fiber grating pressure sensing technology at home and abroad,combined with the demand for gas pressure monitoring in the petrochemical industry,put forward a research idea based on fiber grating sensing technology for real-time monitoring of gas pressure.（2）Based on the sensing characteristics of fiber grating,the theoretical model of diaphragm-type pressure sensors is studied according to the requirements of the application environment,and the solution of miniaturized and large-range fiber grating high-pressure gas pressure sensors is proposed.（3）A fiber grating high-pressure gas pressure sensor is proposed,and the specific parameters of the sensor structure and the preparation materials are determined through the theoretical calculation and simulation analysis of the structure model.The static pressure characteristics,acceleration characteristics and vibration characteristics of the sensor are simulated and analyzed to verify the feasibility of the sensor structure design.Finally,a fiber grating high-pressure gas pressure sensor with small size and light weight was fabricated according to the structural model,and the sensing system was built.（4）The sealing,temperature characteristics,pressure characteristics and environmental adaptability of the fiber grating gas pressure sensor are studied.Experimental results show that the sensor leaks only 4.5×10^-8 Pa of gas volume per unit area per unit time,which has good sealing;in the temperature measurement range of0～50℃,the temperature sensitivity of temperature compensation grating and pressure measurement grating is 9.59 pm/℃and 23.25 pm/℃,and the maximum wavelength offset of pressure measurement grating in different temperatures is 6.7 pm,which is good for temperature compensation;in the temperature measurement range of 0～50℃,the temperature compensation grating and pressure measurement grating have good temperature sensitivity.Temperature compensation effect is good;in the pressure measurement range of 0～50 MPa pressure sensitivity of 36.7 pm/MPa,non-linear error of 0.33%FS,repeatability error of 0.58%FS,hysteresis error of 0.36%FS,its pressure measurement accuracy class 1,can meet the needs of high-pressure gas pressure measurement;sensors in the acceleration and vibration of the load effect of environment with good anti-interference The sensor has good anti-interference ability under acceleration and vibration load.更多还原