【作者】 张静；

【导师】 桂莉；

【作者基本信息】 河北经贸大学 ， 公共管理硕士（专业学位）， 2025， 硕士

【摘要】 就业问题与民众的生活息息相关,同时也是经济增长和社会稳定的根基。制定有效的就业政策,推动国民高质量充分就业,是国家和人民一直以来关注的问题。党的二十大报告提出:“强化就业优先政策,健全就业促进机制,促进高质量充分就业”。2024年中共中央、国务院印发了《教育强国建设规划纲要(2024—2035年)》明确指出加快建设现代职业教育体系,提出了一系列涉及职业教育毕业生落户、就业、参加招录(聘)、职称评聘、晋升、工资水平等方面的就业促进政策,这些措施将助力高职院校毕业生实现高质量就业。在此背景下,高职院校毕业生就业质量评价成为反馈、提升就业质量的重要途径,深入研究就业质量评价机制及指标、综合评价就业质量成为重要课题。基于以上背景,本研究以就业质量理论、人力资本理论和马斯洛需求层次理论为理论基础,依据《毕业生就业质量调研报告》公布的就业数据、有关高职院校毕业生就业质量文献资料,从高校、毕业生、用人单位三个层面构建高职院校毕业生就业质量评价指标体系,运用层次分析法建立毕业生就业质量综合评价模型。在此基础上,选取H省D学院为样本,对其2023届毕业生就业质量进行了综合评价,并分专业进行了就业质量差异性分析,剖析毕业生就业质量存在问题,最后提出提高高职院校毕业生就业质量的对策建议。基于毕业生就业质量评价评价模型对H省D学院样本就业质量进行综合评价,得出以下结论:(1)该毕业生就业质量评价指标体系和评价模型能对高职院校毕业就业质量进行较好的综合评价,反映了毕业生就业质量的基本情况。H省D学院2023届毕业生就业质量评价结果为良好,主要表现在:毕业去向落实率高,以协议就业为主,集中在本地区及中小型企业就业;就业过程质量稳定,就业机会较多,能够合理分配和规划就业搜寻成本,学校求职服务工作对毕业生就业有很大帮助;毕业生月收入与当地城镇私营单位的平均工资水平基本持平,但存在专业差异性;毕业生对工作氛围、内容、职业发展空间、薪酬比较满意,对社会保障的满意度有待提升;用人单位对学校提供的就业服务、毕业生专业水平和工作能力满意。(2)根据评价结果,高职院校毕业生就业质量存在以下问题:毕业生更换工作频繁,就业不够稳定;工作内容与所学专业不匹配;社会保障权益缺失;就业期望与就业岗位有偏差;毕业生缺少创业意愿。本研究根据评价结果对高职院校毕业生就业过程中问题进行研究分析,提出政府出台和完善就业促进政策,加大就业支持力度;改革高职院校教育培养模式,提升就业服务工作;用人单位提供就业实践平台,促进学职衔接;培养大学生个人综合素质,提升就业能力等方面的策略建议来提高高职院校毕业生的就业质量。更多还原

【Abstract】 Employment is closely related to people’s lives,and it is also the foundation of economic growth and social stability.To formulate effective employment policies and promote high-quality and full employment for the people have always been a concern of the country and the people.It is proposed in the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China that we should consolidate the policy of prioritizing employment,establish a comprehensive employment promotion mechanism,and facilitate high-quality and sufficient employment.In 2024,it is issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council that the“Outline for the Construction plan of an Education Powerhouse(2024-2035)”,explicitly indicating the need to expedite the establishment of a modern vocational education system.A series of employment promotion policies related to aspects such as the settlement of vocational education graduates,employment,participation in recruitment(employment),professional title assessment and appointment,promotion,and salary levels were proposed.These measures will help graduates of higher professional college achieve high-quality employment.In this context,the appraisal of the quality of graduates’employment of higher professional colleges has become an important way to provide feedback and improve employment quality.In depth research on employment quality evaluation mechanisms and indicators,and comprehensive evaluation of employment quality have become important topics.Based on the above background,this study is based on the theory of employment quality,human capital,and hierarchy of needs of Maslow.Based on the employment data announced in the“Research Report on the Quality of Graduates’Employment”and the relevant literature on the quality of graduates’employment of higher professional colleges,an appraisal target system for the quality of graduates’employment of higher professional colleges has been constructed from higher education institutions,graduates,and employers levels,and a comprehensive appraisal model for the quality of graduates’employment has been established by using the AHP.On this basis,selecting D College in H Province as a sample,a comprehensive appraisal of the quality of employment about its 2023 graduates is carried out,and differences in employment quality appraisal is also analyzed by major.The problems in the quality of graduates’employment are analyzed.Finally,strategic suggestions for enhancing the quality of graduates’employment of higher professional colleges are proposed.Based on the appraisal model of the quality of graduates’employment,a comprehensive appraisal of the quality of graduates’employment of the sample of D College in H Province is conducted,and the following conclusions are drawn.(1)This appraisal target system and appraisal model for the employment quality of graduates determined in this research can conduct a good comprehensive appraisal of the quality of graduates’employment of higher professional colleges,reflecting the basic situation of graduates’employment quality.The appraisal result of the quality of employment of 2023 graduates of D College in H Province is good,mainly manifested in:graduation rate is high,with a focus on contract employment,concentrated in local areas and small and medium-sized enterprises for employment;quality of employment process is stable,employment opportunities is abundant and the ability to allocate and plan employment search costs is reasonable,the job-hunting service provided by schools is of great help to graduates’employment;the monthly income of graduates is basically on par with the average wage level of private units in local urban areas,but there are professional differences;the graduates are relatively satisfied with the working atmosphere,content,career development space,and salary,but the satisfaction with social security needs to be improved;employers are satisfied with the employment services provided by the school,the professional level and work ability of graduates.(2)Based on the evaluation results,a summary of the problems in the quality of graduates’employment of higher professional colleges is made,and the analysis shows that:the graduates frequently change jobs and lack job stability;there is a mismatch between job responsibilities and majors;lack of social security rights and interests;there is a deviation between employment expectations and job positions;the graduates lack entrepreneurial willingness.This study analyzes the problems in the employment process of graduates from professional college based on the evaluation results.It is proposed that the government should introduce and improve employment promotion policies and increase employment support efforts;higher professional colleges should reform their education and training models and enhance employment service work;employers should provide employment practice platforms to facilitate the connection between study and work;and college students should cultivate their comprehensive qualities to improve their employment capabilities.These strategic suggestions are put forward to enhance the quality of graduates’employment of higher professional colleges.更多还原